Association between vitamin D deficiency and hypothyroidism: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012

Abstract

Purpose Many smaller studies have previously shown a significant association between thyroid autoantibody induced hypothyroidism and lower serum vitamin D levels. However, these finding have not been confirmed by large-scale studies. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between hypothyroidism and vitamin D levels using a large population-based data. Methods For this study, we used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the years 2007–2012. We categorized participants into three clinically relevant categories based on vitamin D levels: optimal, intermediate and deficient. Participants were also split into hypothyroid and hyperthyroid. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds of being hypothyroid based on vitamin D status. Results A total of 7943 participants were included in this study, of which 614 (7.7%) were having hypothyroidism. Nearly 25.6% of hypothyroid patients had vitamin D deficiency, compared to 20.6% among normal controls. Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of developing hypothyroidism were significantly higher among patients with intermediate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.7, 95% CI: 1.5–1.8) and deficient levels of vitamin D (aOR, 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4–1.9). Conclusion Low vitamin D levels are associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Healthcare initiatives such as mass vitamin D deficiency screening among at-risk population could significantly decrease the risk for hypothyroidism in the long-term.

Vitamin D deficiency and TSH level, a relationship in nonautoimmune hypothyroidism pediatrics

“…As a result, the prevalence of vitamin D de ciency is higher in hypothyroid children in our study. These ndings agree with previous studies results (17,18). In addition, the level of vitamin D is affected by the angle of sunlight and the amount of air pollution, which can cause different prevalence in studies conducted in different cities.…”

Relationship between thyroid function and dietary inflammatory index in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients

“…Alcohol consumption and smoking status were both classified as never, former and current. [13] Physical activity was defined as yes (vigorous recreational activities or moderate recreational activities) and no (no moderate recreational activities). [13] The classification of BMI was defined as follows: normal weight (<25), overweight (≥25, <30), and obese (≥30).…”

“…[13] Physical activity was defined as yes (vigorous recreational activities or moderate recreational activities) and no (no moderate recreational activities). [13] The classification of BMI was defined as follows: normal weight (<25), overweight (≥25, <30), and obese (≥30). [14] Patients with the following conditions were defined as "hypertension": systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or/ and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg or having a history of hypertension.…”

Naturheilkundliche Behandlungsoptionen bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen

“…Ebenfalls sollte auf den Vitamin-D-Spiegel geachtet werden. Nicht nur speziell bei der Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen Vitamin-D-Spiegel und Ausbildung einer Hypothyreose 10 , sondern ein Vitamin-D-Mangel geht ganz allgemein mit einem erhöhten Hypothyreoserisiko einher 11 . Bei Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis sind natürlich auch alle naturheilkundlichen Aspekte zu berücksichtigen, die eine chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankung positiv beeinflussen können, wie zum Thema Morbus Basedow bereits erläutert.…”