Association Between Worse Metabolic Control and Increased Thyroid Volume and Nodular Disease in Elderly Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

Blanc, Evelyn; Ponce, Cecilia Fernandez; Brodschi, Dafne; Nepote, A; Barreto, Adriana; Schnitman, Marta; Fossati, P; Salgado, Pablo; Cejas, Claudia; Faingold, Cristina; Musso, Carla; Brenta, Gabriela

doi:10.1089/met.2014.0158

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Kung et al reported that pregnancy was associated with new thyroid nodule formation and an increase in size of preexisting thyroid nodules [35]. Results of the present study showed that female gender is an independent risk factor not only for goiter but also for thyroid nodules, although some authors could not confirm any gender-related associations [9]. …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

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Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Goiter in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Subjects

Daukšienė

Petkevičienė

Klumbienė

et al. 2017

International Journal of Endocrinology

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The aim of the present study was to determine associations of thyroid hormone levels and different metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements with volume of nodular and nonnodular thyroid as well as with prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules in middle-aged euthyroid subjects. Methods. The study consisted of 317 euthyroid subjects aged 48-49 from the Kaunas Cardiovascular Risk Cohort study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and antithyroid peroxidase antibody (ATPO) levels, as well as anthropometric and metabolic parameters and smoking information, were evaluated. Results. In subjects with and without thyroid nodules, thyroid volume correlated with components of metabolic syndrome, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and TSH levels. In the nonnodular thyroid group, thyroid volume was also positively related to serum insulin and HOMA-IR, whereas a negative correlation between thyroid volume and leptin was identified in the nodular thyroid group. The goiter was identified in 12.3% of subjects. Female gender, thyroid nodules, smoking, BMI, and levels of TSH were independent predictors for goiter. Thyroid nodules were found in 31.2% of participants. Female gender, higher TSH levels, and thyroid volume were independent risk factors for thyroid nodules. Conclusions. Female gender, thyroid nodules, smoking, BMI, and TSH levels were identified as potential predictors of goiter. Female gender, TSH levels, and thyroid volume predicted the presence of thyroid nodules.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…Women are more likely to have thyroid disorders, including goiter and thyroid nodules, although some authors could not confirm any gender-related associations [9, 10]. Association of thyroid functional and morphological changes with individual risk factors, especially with smoking habits, has been investigated previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Goiter in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Subjects

Daukšienė

Petkevičienė

Klumbienė

et al. 2017

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Prospective and retrospective studies showed that patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T 2 DM) had a significantly increased thyroid volume and a higher prevalence of incident goiter and nodules. Furthermore, diabetic patients treated with metformin had a smaller thyroid volume and a lower risk for the formation of thyroid nodules when compared with controls (Anil et al 2013, Ittermann et al 2013, Blanc et al 2015. These results suggested that metformin exerts an anti-proliferative activity, providing a rationale for an innovative therapy of thyroid proliferative diseases with metformin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…As stated previously, hyperinsulinemia in patients with T 2 DM and/or prediabetes is associated with a higher incidence of benign and malignant tumors. A recent cross-sectional study also found a significant correlation between glycated hemoglobin and thyroid volume or the number of nodules (Blanc et al 2015). Therefore, as an effective insulin-sensitizing drug, metformin may play a significant role in the adjuvant therapy of proliferative disease.…”

Section: Metformin and Ir In Thyroid Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Metformin and thyroid disease

Meng

Chen

et al. 2017

Journal of Endocrinology

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An intriguing area of research in thyroidology is the recently discovered association of insulin resistance with thyroid functional and morphological abnormalities. Individuals with hyperinsulinemia have larger thyroid gland and a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer. Accordingly, patients treated with metformin have a smaller thyroid volume and a lower risk of incident goiter, thyroid nodule and cancer. Multiple studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that metformin can inhibit the growth of thyroid cells and different types of thyroid cancer cells by affecting the insulin/IGF1 and mTOR pathways. Besides, metformin treatment was associated with a decrease in the levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in diabetic patients possibly by enhancing the effects of thyroid hormones in the pituitary and activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Based on this evidence, metformin appears to be a promising therapeutic tool in patients with thyroid disease. More clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical significance of metformin for the treatment of thyroid diseases.

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“…Studies have found that type 2 diabetes in particular is closely related to the development of thyroid nodules. The incidence of thyroid nodules is signi cantly higher in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes (9), and thyroid cancer prevalence is higher in patients with glucose metabolism disorders, which are considered a risk factor for thyroid cancer (10,11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High luteinizing hormone levels are associated with Thyroid Nodules in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Ruan¹,

Zhang²,

Cao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective. Thyroid nodules are closely related to type 2 diabetes. However, the relationship between sex hormone levels and thyroid nodules has never been fully examined in males with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to observe the association between sex hormone levels and thyroid nodules in male patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A total of 490 patients were enrolled, A total of 228 patients (46.5%) had thyroid nodules, of which 192 (39.2%) had a solid benign nodule, 30 (6.1%) had a cystic nodule, and 6 (1.2%) had a cancerous nodule, 262 patients (53.5%) were without thyroid nodules．We evaluated thyroid nodules using ultrasound, and blood glucose, blood lipids, serum insulin, sex hormones were measured in all patients. The correlations between the hormone levels and thyroid nodules were analyzed. Results. Compared with the non-thyroid nodules group, fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly elevated in the thyroid nodules group. Pearson correlation analysis found the incidence of thyroid nodules was positively correlated with FINS, HOMA-IR and LH. High LH levels was associated with thyroid nodules after controlling for FINS and HOMA-IR. Conclusion. These data suggest that high LH level plays an important role in the development of thyroid nodules. FINS, HOMA-IR and LH are independent risk factors for thyroid nodules in male patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Association Between Worse Metabolic Control and Increased Thyroid Volume and Nodular Disease in Elderly Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 48 publications

References 23 publications

Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Goiter in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Subjects

Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Goiter in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Subjects

Metformin and thyroid disease

High luteinizing hormone levels are associated with Thyroid Nodules in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

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