Association of Body Mass Index and Diet with Symptomatic Gall Stone Disease: A Case-Control Study

Kiani, Qamar; Farooqui, Fareeha; Khan, Muhammad Sohaib; Khan, Aoun Z; Tariq, Muhammad Nauman; Akhtar, Aisha

doi:10.7759/cureus.7188

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Lastly, oily fish consumption was associated with a reduced risk of cholelithiasis, in line with previous observational studies highlighting the protective effect of oily fish consumption ( 25 , 26 ). The exact mechanism by which oily fish reduces the risk of cholelithiasis remains uncertain, but it may be related to its high fat content, potentially influencing bile acids and cholesterol levels in the bile, thereby reducing gallstone formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between food and cholelithiasis

Liu,

Song

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundCholelithiasis, commonly referred to as gallstones, is a prevalent medical condition influenced by a combination of genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and dietary habits. Specific food items have been associated with an increased susceptibility to cholelithiasis, whereas others seem to offer a protective effect against its development.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a large-scale genetic dataset comprising individuals with European ancestry to explore the potential causal relationship between diet and cholelithiasis. The analysis incorporated 17 food-related variables, which were considered as potential factors influencing the occurrence of this condition.ResultsOur findings indicate that a higher consumption of cooked vegetables, dried fruit, and oily fish is associated with a reduced risk of cholelithiasis. Conversely, a higher consumption of lamb is associated with an increased risk of developing the condition. Importantly, these associations proved robust to sensitivity and heterogeneity tests, and the pleiotropic test results further supported the hypothesis of a causal relationship between diet and cholelithiasis.ConclusionThrough our study, we provide compelling evidence for the existence of a causal relationship between diet and cholelithiasis. Adopting a dietary pattern enriched with cooked vegetables, dried fruit, and oily fish, while minimizing lamb intake, may contribute to the prevention of cholelithiasis. Recognizing diet as a modifiable risk factor in the prevention and management of this condition is of paramount importance, and our study offers valuable insights in this regard.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between food and cholelithiasis

Liu,

Song

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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“…As a rule, the “western diet” increases biliary secretion of bile acids and reshapes the gut microbiota in obesity by increasing the Firmicutes and decreasing the Bacteroidetes [ 35 , 62 ]. Several population-based studies have shown that populations given increased amounts of polyunsaturated fats have a significant risk of developing gallstones [ 9 , 12 , 132 , 133 , 134 ]. The MICOL study, however, showed no such association [ 135 ].…”

Section: Some Reasons For the Lack Of Unity In The Assessment Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), social and economic issues, fertility, and intestinal factors (with increased absorption of cholesterol, slow intestinal motility, and dysbiosis) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing GSD [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] because it is accompanied by increased synthesis and excretion of cholesterol into bile [ 13 ], wherein the amount of cholesterol produced is directly proportional to being overweight [ 11 ].Obesity is regarded as an inflammatory condition [ 14 ]. Inflammation may be the potential link between insulin resistance and gallstones [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallstone Disease, Obesity and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio as a Possible Biomarker of Gut Dysbiosis

Григорьева

2020

JPM

173

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Obesity is a major risk factor for developing gallstone disease (GSD). Previous studies have shown that obesity is associated with an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota. These findings suggest that the development of GSD may be related to gut dysbiosis. This review presents and summarizes the recent findings of studies on the gut microbiota in patients with GSD. Most of the studies on the gut microbiota in patients with GSD have shown a significant increase in the phyla Firmicutes (Lactobacillaceae family, genera Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Blautia, Dorea, Anaerostipes, and Oscillospira), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium genus), Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes (genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium) and a significant decrease in the phyla Bacteroidetes (family Muribaculaceae, and genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes, Paludibacter, Barnesiella), Firmicutes (genera Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, and Roseburia), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium genus), and Proteobacteria (Desulfovibrio genus). The influence of GSD on microbial diversity is not clear. Some studies report that GSD reduces microbial diversity in the bile, whereas others suggest the increase in microbial diversity in the bile of patients with GSD. The phyla Proteobacteria (especially family Enterobacteriaceae) and Firmicutes (Enterococcus genus) are most commonly detected in the bile of patients with GSD. On the other hand, the composition of bile microbiota in patients with GSD shows considerable inter-individual variability. The impact of GSD on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is unclear and reports are contradictory. For this reason, it should be stated that the results of reviewed studies do not allow for drawing unequivocal conclusions regarding the relationship between GSD and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the microbiota.

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“…Similar incidences are reported in other studies as well 9 , 12 . Earlier studies have found an increase rate of complications and conversion in patients with a higher BMI 13 , 14 . Few population-based studies have associated diabetes with an increased risk of gall stones and postoperative complications 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Anatomical variations of cystic artery, cystic duct, and gall bladder and their associated intraoperative and postoperative complications: an observational study

Rohit¹,

Kumar

Hariprasad

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Background: Anatomical variations in the calots triangle encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are not uncommon. Misidentification and misperception of these structures are the major cause of vasculobiliary injuries. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anatomical variations of the cystic artery, cystic duct (CD), and gall bladder. This is the first study in India to access the rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications in anatomical variants compared to normal individuals. Patients and methods: It was a prospective observational study on patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the department of General Surgery at the tertiary center of India. The calculated sample size was 298. Variations of the cystic artery, CD, and gall bladder along with intraoperative and postoperative complications were noted. The comparative analysis of intraoperative and postoperative complications and a subgroup analysis between anatomical variants and normal patients were performed. Results: The most common variations were found in cystic arteries (16.8%). CD anomalies were present in 11.4% of patients, and gall bladder anomalies were the least common of all (5.4%). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared between patients with anatomical variations and normal anatomy. Intraoperative complications in patients with anatomical variations were significantly higher. Bile leak (15.7% vs. 6.4%) (P=0.01), haemorrhage (16.8% vs. 1.9%) (P-value <0.001), conversion to open (3 vs. 0 patients) (P-value =0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a strong association between intraoperative haemorrhage and bile leak with cystic artery and CD anomalies, respectively. Conclusion: Cystic artery anomalies are the most common variations. Patients with anatomical variations had significant intraoperative and postoperative complications compared to patients with normal anatomy.

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Association of Body Mass Index and Diet with Symptomatic Gall Stone Disease: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between food and cholelithiasis

Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between food and cholelithiasis

Gallstone Disease, Obesity and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio as a Possible Biomarker of Gut Dysbiosis

Anatomical variations of cystic artery, cystic duct, and gall bladder and their associated intraoperative and postoperative complications: an observational study

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