Association of childhood cancer with residential traffic density.

Savitz, David A.; Feingold, Lisa

doi:10.5271/sjweh.1848

Cited by 169 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our study in the context of previous studies 12 Our results are consistent with the findings of some but not all previous studies of childhood cancer and residence in the proximity to highly trafficked roads [9,[24][25][26][27][28]. The largest of these studies, based on over 700 cases of ALL, found a doubling of the risk among children living within 500 m of high-speed highways and main roads compared to unexposed children [9].…”

Section: Main Findingssupporting

confidence: 92%

Childhood cancer and residential exposure to highways: a nationwide cohort study

et al. 2015

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Children living near highways are exposed to higher concentrations of traffic-related carcinogenic pollutants. Several studies reported an increased risk of childhood cancer associated with traffic exposure, but the published evidence is inconclusive. We investigated whether cancer risk is associated with proximity of residence to highways in a nation-wide cohort study including all children aged <16 years from Swiss National Censuses in 1990 and 2000. Cancer incidence was investigated in time to event analyses (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) using Cox proportional hazards models and incidence density analyses using Poisson regression. Adjustments were made for socio-economic factors, ionising background radiation and electromagnetic fields. In time to event analysis based on 532 cases the adjusted hazard ratio comparing children living <100 m from a highway with unexposed children (≥500 m) was 1.43 (95% CI: 0.79, 2.61). Results were similar in incidence density analysis including 1,367 leukaemia cases (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.25).Associations were similar for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (IRR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.43) and stronger for leukaemia in children aged <5 years (IRR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.22, 3.04). Little evidence of association was found for other tumours. Our study suggests that young children living close to highways are at increased risk of developing leukaemia.

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Section: Main Findingssupporting

confidence: 92%

Childhood cancer and residential exposure to highways: a nationwide cohort study

et al. 2015

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“…Elevated risks of childhood cancer were associated with several surrogate measures of vehicle exhaust exposure, including traffic volume, car density, estimated concentration of nitrogen dioxide in outdoor air and proximity to sources of vehicle exhaust (Savitz and Feingold, 1989;Knox and Gilman, 1997;Nordlinder and Jarvholm, 1997;Feychting et al, 1998;Harrison et al, 1999;Pearson et al, 2000). Recent studies in California evaluating childhood cancer and traffic density have generally found no association (Reynolds et al, 2001;Langholz et al, 2002;Reynolds et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic density in California: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences among potentially exposed children

Gunier

Hertz

Behren

et al. 2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

190

135

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Motor vehicles are the main source of many hazardous air pollutants in California. Previous studies have shown that low-income and minority populations are more likely to live near industrial sources of pollution and in areas that do not meet national air quality standards. We estimated neighborhood exposures to motor vehicle emissions from a road network with daily traffic counts using a geographic information system. To calculate traffic density, we summed the average daily vehicle miles of travel per square mile of land area for each census block group in the state. We used 1990 census data to characterize the population by age, race and socioeconomic status in block groups with high traffic density. Block groups with more than 500,000 vehicle miles of travel per square mile were defined to be high traffic density. Statewide, about 5% of all block groups met this criterion and more than 215,000 children under 15 years of age lived in these high traffic density areas. Block groups in the lowest quartile of median family income were three times more likely to have high traffic density than block groups in the highest income quartile. The percentage of children living in high traffic density block groups increased with decreasing median family income for all race and ethnicities except White. Overall, children of color were about three times more likely to live in high-traffic areas than were white children. Based on this analysis, low-income and children of color have higher potential exposure to vehicle emissions. Future exposure assessment studies should target the highest traffic density areas, and health studies should consider the differences by income and race or ethnicity during design.

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“…In 1989, in Denver, Colorado, showed elevated risks of cancer among children living near streets with high traffic density. These results indicate an association between traffic density near the home occupied at the time of diagnosis and childhood cancer (age 0-4 years), Evidence of increasing risk with increasing traffic density was found for the total number of cancers and leukemias (Savitz, 1989).…”

Section: Air Pollution As a Relevant Issue To Be Dealt With By Scientmentioning

confidence: 70%

El Campo De La Salud Ambiental: Una Oportunidad Para Alcanzar Las Metas De La Educación Científica

2015

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Este trabajo destaca la importancia de la conexión entre la salud ambiental y la alfabetización científica. A través de un enfoque histórico se describen las aportaciones de la salud ambiental a la alfabetización científica y se analiza un caso contemporáneo: la contaminación del aire y la salud humana en las zonas urbanas. Destacamos la importancia de aprender acerca de la exposición diaria a la contaminación del aire y los efectos sobre la salud humana, cuando la calidad del aire se deteriora. Establecemos al aire como un indicador de la salud ambiental y un punto de referencia que deberá figurar en la alfabetización científica para que las personas sean capaces de tomar decisiones responsables para su bienestar, así como para el de las comunidades.

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Association of childhood cancer with residential traffic density.

Cited by 169 publications

References 18 publications

Childhood cancer and residential exposure to highways: a nationwide cohort study

Childhood cancer and residential exposure to highways: a nationwide cohort study

Traffic density in California: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences among potentially exposed children

El Campo De La Salud Ambiental: Una Oportunidad Para Alcanzar Las Metas De La Educación Científica

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