Association of Decreased Rate of Influenza Vaccination With Increased Subjective Olfactory Dysfunction

Flanagan, Carrie E.; Wise, Sarah K.; DelGaudio, John M.; Patel, Zara M.

doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2014.3399

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…They suggested that other mechanisms, apart from nasal obstruction, can be responsible for olfactory loss in this setting [31]. The exact [9,32]. There was no significant relationship between sinonasal symptoms and olfactory loss in our study, which may support this proposed mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…There was no relation between the upper respiratory tract involvement and olfactory loss in our patients. This may suggest that the olfactory loss is not due to generalized mucosal edema and nasal obstruction, which occurs during a common upper respiratory infection [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The exact mechanism of post-viral olfactory loss is not completely understood. Direct damage of the olfactory pathway by the virus, viral involvement of the olfactory bulb, and indirect damage caused by the subsequent inflammation of olfactory neurons and supporting cells are among the suggested mechanisms (as was noted in influenza infection) [ 9 , 32 ]. There was no significant relationship between sinonasal symptoms and olfactory loss in our study, which may support this proposed mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sinonasal symptoms in an URTI are due to generalized mucosal edema that is also the reason for olfactory loss encountered during the acute phase of an URTI [9]. However, the olfactory loss may also occur following the resolution of sinonasal symptoms, the entity known as post-viral olfactory loss [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency and outcome of olfactory impairment and sinonasal involvement in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

et al. 2020

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Background Olfactory dysfunction has shown to accompany COVID-19. There are varying data regarding the exact frequency in the various study population. The outcome of the olfactory impairment is also not clearly defined. Objective To find the frequency of olfactory impairment and its outcome in hospitalized patients with positive swab test for COVID-19. Methods This is a prospective descriptive study of 100 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, randomly sampled, from February to March 2020. Demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory findings were analyzed according to the olfactory loss or sinonasal symptoms. The olfactory impairment and sinonasal symptoms were evaluated by 9 Likert scale questions asked from the patients. Results Ninety-two patients completed the follow-up (means 20.1 (± 7.42) days). Twenty-two (23.91%) patients complained of olfactory loss and in 6 (6.52%) patients olfactory loss was the first symptom of the disease. The olfactory loss was reported to be completely resolved in all but one patient. Thirty-nine (42.39%) patients had notable sinonasal symptoms while rhinorrhea was the first symptom in 3 (3.26%). Fifteen patients (16.3%) had a taste impairment. Patients with sinonasal symptoms had a lower age (p = 0.01). There was no significant relation between olfactory loss and sinonasal symptoms (p = 0.07). Conclusions Sudden olfactory dysfunction and sinonasal symptoms have a considerable prevalence in patients with COVID-19. No significant association was noted between the sinonasal symptoms and the olfactory loss, which may suggest that other mechanisms beyond upper respiratory tract involvement are responsible for the olfactory loss.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency and outcome of olfactory impairment and sinonasal involvement in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

et al. 2020

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“…In the 2018-2019 influenza season, 34,200 deaths were recorded in the USA by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/ 2018-2019.html). Vaccination against Influenza was shown to negatively correlate with the incidence of smell loss, however this study needs confirmation with a larger cohort number (68).…”

Section: Anosmia Caused By Influenza or Common Coldmentioning

confidence: 64%

Loss of Olfactory Function—Early Indicator for Covid-19, Other Viral Infections and Neurodegenerative Disorders

et al. 2020

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The loss of the senses of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) are rather common disorders, affecting up to 20% of the adult population. Yet, this condition has not received the attention it deserves, most probably because per se such a disorder is not life threatening. However, loss of olfactory function significantly reduces the quality of life of the affected patients, leading to dislike in food and insufficient, exaggerated or unbalanced food intake, unintentional exposure to toxins such as household gas, social isolation, depression, and an overall insecurity. Not only is olfactory dysfunction rather prevalent in the healthy population, it is, in many instances, also a correlate or an early indicator of a panoply of diseases. Importantly, olfactory dysfunction is linked to the two most prominent neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Anosmia and hyposmia (reduced sense of smell) affect a majority of patients years before the onset of cognitive or motor symptoms, establishing olfactory dysfunction as early biomarker that can enable earlier diagnosis and preventative treatments. In the current health crisis caused by SARS-CoV2, anosmia and dysgeusia as early-onset symptoms in virus-positive patients may prove to be highly relevant and crucial for pre-symptomatic Covid-19 detection from a public health perspective, preceding by days the more classical respiratory tract symptoms such as cough, tightness of the chest or fever. Thus, the olfactory system seems to be at the frontline of pathologic assault, be it through pathogens or insults that can lead to or at least associate with neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to assemble current knowledge from different medical fields that all share a common denominator, olfactory/gustatory dysfunction, and to distill overarching etiologies and disease progression mechanisms.

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From intramuscular to nasal: unleashing the potential of nasal spray vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019

Jin,

Wang,

Jin

et al. 2024

Clin & Trans Imm

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Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has affected 700 million people worldwide since its outbreak in 2019. The current pandemic strains, including Omicron and its large subvariant series, exhibit strong transmission and stealth. After entering the human body, the virus first infects nasal epithelial cells and invades host cells through the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 on the host cell surface. The nasal cavity is an important body part that protects against the virus. Immunisation of the nasal mucosa produces immunoglobulin A antibodies that effectively neutralise viruses. Saline nasal irrigation, a type of physical therapy, can reduce the viral load in the nasal cavity and prevent viral infections to some extent. As a commonly used means to fight SARS‐CoV‐2, the intramuscular (IM) vaccine can induce the human body to produce a systemic immune response and immunoglobulin G antibody; however, the antibody is difficult to distribute to the nasal mucosa in time and cannot achieve a good preventive effect. Intranasal (IN) vaccines compensate for the shortcomings of IM vaccines, induce mucosal immune responses, and have a better effect in preventing infection. In this review, we discuss the nasal defence barrier, the harm caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, the mechanism of its invasion into host cells, nasal cleaning, IM vaccines and IN vaccines, and suggest increasing the development of IN vaccines, and use of IN vaccines as a supplement to IM vaccines.

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Association of Decreased Rate of Influenza Vaccination With Increased Subjective Olfactory Dysfunction

Abstract: Influenza vaccination seems to be associated with a decreased rate of subjective olfactory dysfunction. This is a preliminary finding, and further studies would be needed to elucidate the exact role of influenza and influenza vaccination in patients with olfactory loss.

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Frequency and outcome of olfactory impairment and sinonasal involvement in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Frequency and outcome of olfactory impairment and sinonasal involvement in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Loss of Olfactory Function—Early Indicator for Covid-19, Other Viral Infections and Neurodegenerative Disorders

From intramuscular to nasal: unleashing the potential of nasal spray vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019

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