Association of Epicardial, Visceral, and Subcutaneous Fat With Cardiometabolic Diseases

Sato, Fumi; Maeda, Norikazu; Yamada, Takayuki; Namazui, Hideyuki; Fukuda, Shiro; Natsukawa, Tomoaki; Nagao, Hirofumi; Murai, Jun; Masuda, Seizo; Tanaka, Yoshimitsu; Obata, Yoshinari; Fujishima, Yuya; Nishizawa, Hitoshi; Funahashi, Tohru; Shimomura, Iichiro

doi:10.1253/circj.cj-17-0820

Cited by 68 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…High visceral fat with low subcutaneous fat accumulation was significantly related with atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients, suggesting that SAT may be a protective role against atherosclerosis [ 54 ]. Compared with epicardial fat volume and SAT, VAT had the strongest effect on cardiometabolic diseases [ 55 ]. Madero et al [ 56 ] compared the value of different measures of body fat, including SAT, VAT, BMI and WC in predicting the incidence of chronic kidney diseases, and only VAT remained a decisive factor in multivariable analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for prehypertension and their interactive effect: a cross- sectional survey in China

Song

Xue

Zhao

et al. 2018

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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BackgroundIndividuals with prehypertension are at higher risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, while the interaction between factors may aggravate prehypertension risk. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for prehypertension in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults, and explore the potentially interactive effect of evaluated factors.MethodsAll the participants that came from a community based cross-sectional survey were investigated in Bengbu, China, by being interviewed with a questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) that reflect participants’ obesity were also calculated. In addition, logistic regression model was applied to explore the risk factors of prehypertension, followed by the assessment of the interactive effects between risk factors on prehypertension by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI).ResultsA total of 1777 participants were enrolled in this study, among which the prevalence of normtension, prehypertension and hypertension were 41.70%, 33.93% and 24.37% respectively. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02), smoking (OR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.22–2.29), family history of cardiovascular diseases (OR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.14–2.02), general obesity (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.15–1.97) and LAP (OR: 2.58, 95%CI: 1.76–3.80) were all defined as the major factors that significantly related with the risk of prehypertension. When identifying prehypertension risk, the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves (AUC) analysis indicated that LAP performed better than BMI in males (Z = 2.05, P = 0.03) and females (Z = 2.12, P = 0.03), but was superior to WC only in females (Z = 2.43, P = 0.01). What is more, there were significant interactive effects of LAP with family history of cardiovascular diseases (RERI: 1.88, 95%CI: 0.25–3.51; AP: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.20–0.69; SI: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.22–4.60) and smoking (RERI: 1.99, 95%CI: 0.04–3.93; AP: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.17–0.67; SI: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.68–4.00) on prehypertension risk. The value of AP (0.40, 95%CI: 0.03–0.77) also indicated a significant interaction between family history of cardiovascular diseases and smoking on prehypertension.ConclusionPrehypertension is currently prevalent in Chinese adults. This study indicated that age, family history of cardiovascular diseases, smoking, general obesity and LAP were significantly related with prehypertension risk. Furthermore, interactive effects on risk of prehypertension had been demonstrated in this study as well, which would help researchers to build strategy against prehypertension more comprehensively and scientifically.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0917-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for prehypertension and their interactive effect: a cross- sectional survey in China

Song

Xue

Zhao

et al. 2018

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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“…These findings suggest that BMI alone has a limitation as a parameter to explain obesity-related hypertension. Recent studies have shown that WC, waist-to-hip ratio, and visceral fat measurement may be better discriminators of obesity-related complications than BMI [29,30,31]. It has been emphasized that central obesity has a stronger association with hypertension than general obesity.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-related hypertension: Findings from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2010

et al. 2020

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We aimed to investigate the association of various obesity parameters and phenotypes with hypertension in nationally representative Korean adults. Among adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008-2010, a total of 16,363 subjects (8,184 men and 8,179 women) were analyzed. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher or taking antihypertensive medication. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Higher obesity parameters [body mass index (BMI) representing general obesity, waist circumference (WC) representing central obesity, and percentage body fat (PBF) representing elevated body fat] were consistently associated with increased odds of prevalent hypertension (OR, 7.54; 95% CI, 5.89-9.65 for BMI �30 vs. 18.5-23; OR, 3.97; 95% CI, 3.41-4.63 for WC �95 cm in males and �90 cm in females vs. <85 cm in males and <80 cm in females; OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 3.05-4.15 for PBF, highest vs. lowest quartile; all p trends<0.0001). These associations were stronger in the younger age group (<40 years), and were observed in both sexes. Furthermore, even in individuals with normal BMI (18.5-23), the odds of prevalent hypertension were consistently increased in those with central obesity (WC�90 cm in males, WC�80 cm in females; normal weight central obesity phenotype) (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.63-2.19) and those with high PBF (highest quartile of PBF; normal weight obesity phenotype) (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.25-1.77). These associations were consistent with updated hypertension guidelines in 2017. Obesity may be positively associated with hypertension, regardless of obesity parameters. Even within normal BMI range, high WC and high PBF may be associated with hypertension.

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“…It follows that APIFat may turn out to be a relatively poorly documented characteristic of MetS which accounts, at least in part, for the increased risk of vascular events associated with MetS. 2,16,17 In addition to the examples discussed above, we must not forget the well-established relevance of the type of fat (eg, brown fat) and subcutaneous versus visceral fat in relation to vascular risk. 2 Abnormal peri-organ or intra-organ fat may also turn out to be relevant to other diseases and involve organs not mentioned above.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Peri-Organ or Intra-Organ Fat Deposition and Vascular Risk

Katsiki

Mikhailidis

2018

Angiology

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Association of Epicardial, Visceral, and Subcutaneous Fat With Cardiometabolic Diseases

Cited by 68 publications

References 38 publications

Risk factors for prehypertension and their interactive effect: a cross- sectional survey in China

Risk factors for prehypertension and their interactive effect: a cross- sectional survey in China

Obesity-related hypertension: Findings from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2010

Abnormal Peri-Organ or Intra-Organ Fat Deposition and Vascular Risk

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