Association of Ionospheric Signatures to Various Tectonic Parameters During Moderate to Large Magnitude Earthquakes: Case Study

Abstract

The manifestation of Coseismic Ionospheric Perturbations (CIP) depends on the (1) manifestations of seismic forcing at the Earth surface, (2) acoustic impedance contrast between the solid Earth and atmosphere, and (3) prevailing nontectonic forcing mechanisms at ionospheric altitudes. The coseismic ground displacements surrounding the epicenter can perturb the nearby atmosphere by transferring part of the induced seismic energy. This seismic energy input acts as a main source of near-field CIP and thus the CIP characteristics predominantly depend on seismic source parameters such as the earthquake magnitude, focal depth, focal mechanism, surface deformation, rupture propagation direction etc

Relating Far‐Field Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances to Geological Structures

“…The energy released can be estimated by converting the moment magnitude to energy (Båth, 1966), and the energy released by the Gorkha earthquake is ∼seven times greater than that of the May 2015 Nepal earthquake. It is well known that observable CIDs can be found after M w 6.5 earthquakes (Perevalova et al., 2014; Sunil et al., 2021). As shown in Figure 1, there are two other earthquakes with magnitude larger than 6.5 (both are M w 6.7).…”

Seismic Induced Ground Deformation and Ionospheric Perturbations of the 29 July 2021, Mw 8.2 Chignik Earthquake, Alaska

“…These waves cause the neutral atmosphere to oscillate, resulting in ion and electron density perturbations by generating collisions in the ionospheric plasma. Such ionospheric electron density perturbations associated with earthquakes are known as Coseismic Ionospheric Perturbations (CIP) and are well documented (Astafyeva et al., 2013; Jin et al., 2015; Komjathy et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2006, 2011; Occhipinti, 2011; Rolland, Lognonné, & Munekane, 2011; Savastano et al., 2017; Shrivastava et al., 2021; Sithartha Muthu Vijayan & Shimna, 2022; Sunil et al., 2015, 2017, 2021). The first observation of CIP was reported after the M w 9.2 Alaska earthquake occurred on 28 March 1964 (Davies & Baker, 1965).…”