Association of LAR-like Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases with an Enabled Homolog in Hirudo medicinalis

Biswas, Subhas C.; Dutt, Anindita; Baker, Maureen; Macagno, Eduardo R.

doi:10.1006/mcne.2002.1209

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The rate of discovery of new genes will of course increase with whole genome sequencing and EST screening in these organisms. New methods are being applied to disrupt gene function, which will complement the embryological methods already in place (Biswas et al, 2002;Song et al, 2002). As we proceed, the challenge will be to increase the depth and rigor of mechanistic studies in these embryos, without forgoing the phylogenetic sampling needed to truly understand this diverse and fascinating group of animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoderm in spiralians: the organizer and the 4d cell

Lambert

2007

J Exp Zool Pt B

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The Spiralia is a clade of protostome invertebrate phyla that share a highly conserved mode of early development. Spiralian development is characterized by regularities in the arrangement of early cleavages, the fates of the cells that are produced by these divisions, and the development of the distinctive trochophore larva. Because of the strong conservation in early development, homologies can be identified between cells in divergent taxa. Some of the most striking examples of conservation in the spiralian embryo are in the cells that generate the mesoderm. The specification of the mesodermal precursors has been well characterized by embryological approaches, and recently the molecular mechanisms of mesoderm specification are starting to be elucidated. This review examines the development of mesoderm in spiralians in a comparative context, with particular focus on the relationship between the mesendodermal cell 4d and the embryonic organizer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoderm in spiralians: the organizer and the 4d cell

Lambert

2007

J Exp Zool Pt B

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“…Lar might help to maintain hub-GSC adhesion by interacting with and modulating the function of regulators of F-actin. Drosophila Lar and its homologs physically and genetically interact with Ena, a member of the Ena/VASP family of actin regulators (Biswas et al, 2002;Wills et al, 1999). Drosophila Ena and its mammalian homologs localize to adherens junctions and have been implicated in the formation and strengthening of adherens junctions in several cell types (Baum and Perrimon, 2001;Grevengoed et al, 2001;Kris et al, 2008;Scott et al, 2006;Vasioukhin et al, 2000).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar regulates adhesion between Drosophila male germline stem cells and the niche

2012

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SUMMARYThe stem cell niche provides a supportive microenvironment to maintain adult stem cells in their undifferentiated state. Adhesion between adult stem cells and niche cells or the local basement membrane ensures retention of stem cells in the niche environment. Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) attach to somatic hub cells, a component of their niche, through Ecadherin-mediated adherens junctions, and orient their centrosomes toward these localized junctional complexes to carry out asymmetric divisions. Here we show that the transmembrane receptor tyrosine phosphatase Leukocyte-antigen-related-like (Lar), which is best known for its function in axonal migration and synapse morphogenesis in the nervous system, helps maintain GSCs at the hub by promoting E-cadherin-based adhesion between hub cells and GSCs. Lar is expressed in GSCs and early spermatogonial cells and localizes to the hub-GSC interface. Loss of Lar function resulted in a reduced number of GSCs at the hub. Lar function was required cell-autonomously in germ cells for proper localization of Adenomatous polyposis coli 2 and Ecadherin at the hub-GSC interface and for the proper orientation of centrosomes in GSCs. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that in Lar mutants the adherens junctions between hub cells and GSCs lack the characteristic dense staining seen in wild-type controls. Thus, the Lar receptor tyrosine phosphatase appears to polarize and retain GSCs through maintenance of localized E-cadherinbased adherens junctions.

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“…Tractin is widely expressed and is differentially glycosylated in sets and subsets of peripheral sensory neurons that form specific fascicles in the central nervous system. Additional proteins identified in this screen that appear to be involved in neural regeneration include several previously identified in leech brain, including Netrin [28], Hillarin [57], and Lena (leech homolog of Enabled) [58]. Hillarin is localized to the axon hillock of leech neurons and affects cell and axonal cytokinesis through its interactions with septins [25], [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Multiple Changes in Peptide and Lipid Expression Associated with Regeneration in the Nervous System of the Medicinal Leech

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe adult medicinal leech central nervous system (CNS) is capable of regenerating specific synaptic circuitry after a mechanical lesion, displaying evidence of anatomical repair within a few days and functional recovery within a few weeks. In the present work, spatiotemporal changes in molecular distributions during this phenomenon are explored. Moreover, the hypothesis that neural regeneration involves some molecular factors initially employed during embryonic neural development is tested.ResultsImaging mass spectrometry coupled to peptidomic and lipidomic methodologies allowed the selection of molecules whose spatiotemporal pattern of expression was of potential interest. The identification of peptides was aided by comparing MS/MS spectra obtained for the peptidome extracted from embryonic and adult tissues to leech transcriptome and genome databases. Through the parallel use of a classical lipidomic approach and secondary ion mass spectrometry, specific lipids, including cannabinoids, gangliosides and several other types, were detected in adult ganglia following mechanical damage to connected nerves. These observations motivated a search for possible effects of cannabinoids on neurite outgrowth. Exposing nervous tissues to Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) receptor agonists resulted in enhanced neurite outgrowth from a cut nerve, while exposure to antagonists blocked such outgrowth.ConclusionThe experiments on the regenerating adult leech CNS reported here provide direct evidence of increased titers of proteins that are thought to play important roles in early stages of neural development. Our data further suggest that endocannabinoids also play key roles in CNS regeneration, mediated through the activation of leech TRPVs, as a thorough search of leech genome databases failed to reveal any leech orthologs of the mammalian cannabinoid receptors but revealed putative TRPVs. In sum, our observations identify a number of lipids and proteins that may contribute to different aspects of the complex phenomenon of leech nerve regeneration, establishing an important base for future functional assays.

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Association of LAR-like Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases with an Enabled Homolog in Hirudo medicinalis

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Mesoderm in spiralians: the organizer and the 4d cell

Mesoderm in spiralians: the organizer and the 4d cell

The receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar regulates adhesion between Drosophila male germline stem cells and the niche

Multiple Changes in Peptide and Lipid Expression Associated with Regeneration in the Nervous System of the Medicinal Leech

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