Associations between beverage consumption of parents and their children. The ToyBox-study

Abstract

<jats:sec id="S0029665120006576_sec_a1" sec-type="intro"><jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:</jats:bold> Dietary habits are established from a very young age. Parental role modeling is an important factor influencing the eating behavior of their children. Drinking behavior may have an impact in the development of childhood obesity. This study aimed to explore the correlations of core drinking beverages between parents and their children.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0029665120006576_sec_a2" sec-type="materials"><jats:title /><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:</jats:bold> The present study included children of 3.5–5.5 years and their parents from the (Multifactorial evidence-based approach using behavioral models in understanding and promoting fun, healthy food, play and policy for the prevention of obesity in early childhood) ToyBox study. The study was a kindergarten-based family-involved intervention, in preschool children from six European countries: Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland, and Spain. For this study, we analyzed data from the baseline cross-sectional survey.</jats:p><jats:p>Data on consumption frequency of water, homemade or fresh fruit juice, prepacked fruit juice, light beverages and sugared sweetened beverages consumption from parents and their children was obtained via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Parents were given examples of serving sizes and asked about how to self-report their usual consumption per day or week. Beverage consumption of children was reported by their parents and information about frequency and portion sizes was collected. Body weight and height of children was measured and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Bivariate correlations were performed to analyze beverage consumption (servings per day) in children and their parents.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0029665120006576_sec_a3" sec-type="results"><jats:title /><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> The studied sample included 5266 pairs of children (49.2% girls) and parents (91.7% women) that were included in the analysis.</jats:p><jats:p>Girls presented higher correlations in water (r<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0,317) and sugar sweetened beverages (r<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0,302), whereas boys, presented slightly higher correlations of light soft drinks (r<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0,273), pure fruit juices (r<jats:sup>2 =</jats:sup> 0,308) and prepacked fruit juices (r<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0,324), all of them at &lt; 0.01 level of significance. Considering boys and girls together, a slightly higher significant correlation coefficients were found between children-parents’ dyads with overweight/obesity compared to normal weight children-parentś for sugar sweetened beverages (r<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0,303) and light soft drinks (r<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0,396).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0029665120006576_sec_a4" sec-type="discussion"><jats:title /><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:</jats:bold> Beverage consumption of children and their parents were found to be moderately correlated. Overweight children seem to have better correlations with their parents in relation of sugar sweetened beverages and light soft drinks. Parents should encourage a healthy beverage consumption for their own health and most important, because there are key role models to their children.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Effects of Psychosocial Intervention on the Level of Stress: A Pre-ExperimentalResearchonSchoolChildrenWho Experienced Displacement in Marawi City, Philippines

“…According to the Transactional Model of Development, parents incapacity to deal with trauma and stress in children may prevent us from understanding their suffering (Barrantes et al, 2020). Children who are stressed are more likely to have symptoms such as frequent crying, outbursts of anger or defensiveness, headaches, stomachaches, tense fine motor movements (such as tugging or hair twirling, chewing and sucking, biting skin and fingernails), sleep disruptions, and poor academic performance (Maqsood et al, 2014;Radwan et al, 2021).…”