Associations between COVID-19 testing status, non-communicable diseases and HIV status among residents of sub-Saharan Africa during the first wave of the pandemic

Foláyan, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn; Zúñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño; Virtanen, Jorma I.; Tantawi, Maha El; Abeldaño, Giuliana Florencia; Ishabiyi, Anthonia Omotola; Jafer, Mohammed; Al‐Khanati, Nuraldeen Maher; Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali; Yousaf, Muhammad; Ellakany, Passent; Nzimande, Ntombifuthi P; Ara, Eshrat; Khalid, Zumama; Lawal, Folake Barakat; Lusher, Joanne; Popoola, Bamidele Olubukola; Idigbe, Ifeoma; Khan, Abeedha Tu-Allah; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Gaffar, Balgis; Osamika, Bamidele Emmanuel; Aly, Nourhan M.; Ndembi, Nicaise; Nguyen, Annie

doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07498-w

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Comprehensive information about the survey implementation and data collection tools can be found in previous studies [ 39 – 43 ]. Details on the sample had also been reported [ 44 , 45 ]. Participants had to check a box to indicate consent to participate to be able to continue with the survey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-country survey of the socio-demographic factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Foláyan¹,

Zúñiga²,

Virtanen³

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Health behaviours are influenced by individual characteristics including age, gender, education and economic level. This study aimed to assess the associations between individual-level determinants and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Methods We performed secondary analyses of international data collected using an online survey during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between June and December 2020. The dependent variables were self-reported adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures (wearing of face masks, frequent washing/sanitizing of hands, physical distancing, working remotely). The independent variables were age, sex at birth (female vs male), having a chronic disease related elevated risk for severe COVID-19 (none/little, might be at increased risk, at increased risk), educational level completed (no formal education, primary, secondary vs college/university) and employment status (retiree, students, not employed vs employed). Four multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the dependent variables and independent variables. Interaction terms with country-income level were tested in regressions to explore its moderating effect. Results Out of 16,866 respondents, 12,634 (74.9%) wore masks or face coverings, 12,336 (73.1%) washed or sanitized their hands frequently, 11,464 (68.0%) reported adherence to physical distancing and 5,646 (33.5%) worked remotely. In adjusted analyses, increased age, college/university education, employment, and having risks for severe COVID-19 were associated with significantly higher odds of adhering to COVID-19 preventive measures. Retirees and students had lower odds of adhering to COVID-19 prevention measures than employed individuals. Males had significantly lower odds of wearing face masks (AOR: 0.901), frequent washing/sanitizing hands (AOR: 0.774) and working remotely (AOR: 0.875) compared to females. Country-income level generally moderated the above relationships such that the associations disappeared in lower income countries. Conclusion The study findings suggest that the individual socio-demographic factors—age, sex, employment status, education status and having a chronic disease – influence adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Findings further reiterate the need for health education and health promotion campaigns on preventive health measures to focus on subpopulations, such as younger males, students and retirees, that require targeted or unique messaging.

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