Associations between hydration status, body composition, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in the general population: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Whole-body hydration status is associated with several health outcomes, such as dehydration, edema and hypertension, but little is known about the nonclinical determinants. Therefore, we studied the associations of sex, age, body composition, nutrition, and physical activity on several body hydration measures. Methods We assessed sociodemographic variables, dietary habits, and physical activity by questionnaire and body composition by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). We compared determinants between the sexes and calculated associations between determinants and BIVA hydration measures by multivariable linear regressions. Results A total of 242 adults from the general population (age 18–94, 47% women) were included. Women were younger, smaller, lighter, and had a smaller BMI (kg/m2) than men (p < 0.05). Women had less muscle mass, less visceral fat mass and less extracellular and intracellular water than men (p < 0.001). Women showed less intracellular water per extracellular water than men, while men showed higher phase angle values than women (both p < 0.001). Men had a stronger association of hydration measures with physical activity than women. Both sexes showed a decrease in hydration measures with age. Conclusions Sex, age, body composition, and physical activity influence body hydration. There seem to be differences in body water regulation between the sexes. Especially interesting are factors susceptible to preventive measures such as physical activity.

Longitudinal associations of bioelectrical phase angle and fatigue in breast cancer patients

“…In our study, PhA was slightly higher in obese patients compared with patients with BMI in the normal range. Similar associations have been seen previously 35,36 . However, some studies showed no or non‐linear associations between BMI and PhA 37‐39 …”

“…Further, in line with previous studies, 10,35 PhA was decreased among older patients in our study, potentially also reflecting impaired cellular function. The inverse association between age and PhA is well known, also in non-cancer populations.…”

“…Similar associations have been seen previously. 35,36 However, some studies showed no or non-linear associations between BMI and PhA. [37][38][39] Further, our moderation analyses yielded that in patients with moderate-to-high pre-diagnostic exercise level, thus likely physically rather fit women, PhA was not associated with fatigue, suggesting a different etiology than in less trained patients.…”

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis is different according to the comorbidity burden in post–acute myocardial infarction

“…[41][42][43] The whole body hydration status plays a relevant role in proper health, including neurological and gastrointestinal functions, risk of kidney stones, and weight management. 44,45 In the group of older adults, even slight shifts or any imbalance of the hydration status may affect health to the point of life-threatening consequences. 46 It is worth noting that most patients who had CCI ≥ 3 were in this group, and their BC is characterized by muscle loss.…”

Association between Urine Specific Gravity as a Measure of Hydration Status and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Kailuan Prospective Cohort Study

“…Moreover, some population-based studies also demonstrated that dehydration had adverse effects on chronic diseases [ 14 , 15 ], renal impairment [ 16 ], cognitive performance [ 17 ], cardiovascular health [ 18 ], and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality [ 19 ]. In addition, gender- and age-specific differences and lifestyle factors in hydration status have been described in the literature and in the water-intake recommendations proposed by several national and public organizations [ 20 , 21 ]. Therefore, further understanding of the relationship between hydration status and human health and the identification of vulnerable populations will be important for public health and precise prevention.…”