Associations of connectedness and parental behaviors with adolescent physical activity and mental health during COVID-19: A mediation analysis using the 2021 adolescent behaviors and experiences survey

Burns, Ryan D.; Armstrong, Jason A.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107299

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…1 Additional studies have found a potential buffering effect of social connections, with adolescent more connected to their school, family, or other social support, including through online communication, being less likely to experience adverse mental health symptoms. 16,[29][30][31] Our findings that both school connectedness and mental health degraded with a shift away from in-person learning are consistent with prior reports that isolation and weakened social connections, particularly through school, may have exacerbated adolescent mental health problems during the pandemic. There are also pathways connecting mental well-being to substance use, as internalizing and externalizing problems are more common among adolescents who report using tobacco or cannabis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, adolescents who felt less connected to their school were more likely to report recent poor mental health and feelings of sadness or hopelessness 1 . Additional studies have found a potential buffering effect of social connections, with adolescent more connected to their school, family, or other social support, including through online communication, being less likely to experience adverse mental health symptoms 16,29‐31 . Our findings that both school connectedness and mental health degraded with a shift away from in‐person learning are consistent with prior reports that isolation and weakened social connections, particularly through school, may have exacerbated adolescent mental health problems during the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Engagement, Mental Health, and Substance Use Under In‐Person or Remote School Instruction During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Chaffee,

Cheng,

Couch

et al. 2023

Journal of School Health

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BACKGROUNDAdolescents' school engagement, mental health, and substance use have been major concerns during the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly given disruptions to school instruction. We examined how the instructional setting was associated with academic and health‐related outcomes within an adolescent cohort followed during the pandemic.METHODSDuring 3 semi‐annual follow‐up surveys, adolescents (N = 1066 students; 2242 observations) from 8 California high schools responded to items measuring academic self‐efficacy, school connectedness, internalizing and externalizing problems, and use of substances. Separate generalized estimating equation models predicted outcomes based on the instructional setting.RESULTSRelative to in‐person instruction, students in remote instruction reported lower academic self‐efficacy (Beta: −0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.22, −0.01) and school connectedness (Beta: −0.37; 95% CI: −0.48, −0.25), greater odds of past 30‐day internalizing problems (AOR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.95), externalizing problems (AOR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.82), and cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or hookah use (AOR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.91), but lower odds of past 30‐day e‐cigarette use (AOR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.86).CONCLUSIONSMultiple adverse outcomes related to school engagement, mental health, and substance use were associated with remote instruction. To reduce such impacts under future emergencies, schools should rely sparingly on remote instruction and provide appropriate supportive resources.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Engagement, Mental Health, and Substance Use Under In‐Person or Remote School Instruction During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Chaffee,

Cheng,

Couch

et al. 2023

Journal of School Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These types of social networks may be even more important for young people due to their continuing brain development within highly changing social environments (Blakemore, 2012;Matud et al, 2020;Mendonça, 2014). During COVID-19, it was shown that school connectedness played an important role in mental health in adolescents, independent of health behaviors, a finding that could be generalized to college students in university settings (Burns & Armstrong, 2022;Hertz et al, 2022). GH an EW are closely correlated and improvements in one perception can lead to improvement in the other after a health coaching intervention and it is this bidirectional association that may provide a mechanism for improvement of these variables at 4-weeks independent from positive changes in behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goal Setting, Movement Behaviors, and Perceived Health during an Online Health Coaching Intervention

Fu,

Burns,

Xie

et al. 2024

JHEAL

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The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of goal setting, movement behaviors, and health perceptions in young adults after an online health coaching intervention. Participants were young adults from a university within the western United States (N=257; 57.2% female). Participants met with health coaches in an online setting for one hour and goals were set for two behavior areas. Physical activity (PA), sitting time, sleep, and perceptions of general health and emotional wellbeing (health perceptions) were collected at baseline and at 2- and 4-weeks after the coaching session. Mediation analyses determined the associations of the health coaching session with goal setting on self-reported general health and emotional wellbeing and the indirect associations of each movement behavior. No movement behavior positively mediated the associations between the health coaching session and any of the health perception outcomes, although PA, sitting time, and weeknight sleep at 2-weeks associated with general health at 4-weeks (b=0.17–0.39, p<0.01) and associated with emotional wellbeing at 4-weeks (b=0.16–0.21, p<0.01). Emotional wellbeing mediated the associations of the health coaching session on general health (IE=0.19, p<0.001) and general health mediated the association of the health coaching session on emotional wellbeing (IE=0.09, p<0.001). Movement behaviors correlated with self-reported general health and emotional wellbeing, but no positive mediating associations were observed. Emotional wellbeing mediated the associations of the health coaching session on general health and vice-versa, suggesting a bidirectional association between the two health perceptions.

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Tracking Well‐Being: A Comprehensive Analysis of Physical Activity and Mental Health in College Students Across COVID‐19 Phases Using Ecological Momentary Assessment

Bai,

Burns,

et al. 2024

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Physical activity (PA) is a critical factor in maintaining mental health, particularly among college students who are vulnerable to stress, anxiety, and mood disturbances. The COVID‐19 pandemic introduced unprecedented disruptions to daily routines. The purpose of this cohort study was to examine the longitudinal PA behaviors before and during COVID‐19 using device‐based assessment in a sample of college students. The participants were a convenience sample of 1‐year college students from the University of Vermont Wellness Environment study. A daily survey was distributed to the participants every night on a study app measured three mental health outcomes of mood, anxiety, and stress for 16 weeks. Participants wore Apple Watches to monitor PA. A total of 167 participants completed at least 50% of daily surveys and had 20 days of valid Apple Watch data, which resulted in 11 387 participant‐days' of observations. Changes in average daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and step counts were examined week‐over‐week from an 8‐week period before COVID to an 8‐week period during COVID using cluster‐robust piecewise regression (16‐weeks total). Linear mixed models examined the association between PA and mental health outcomes, while also examining the moderating influence of COVID phase. Significantly lower MVPA was observed from the end of pre‐COVID to start of COVID by −18.2 min/day (p < 0.001) and significantly fewer steps/day was observed from end of pre‐COVID to start of COVID by −3277 steps/day (p < 0.001). An MVPA “catch‐up” effect was observed as there were small but positive week‐over‐week improvements during COVID for MVPA (b = 1.32 min/day, p < 0.001). The influence of COVID‐19 phases had a notable impact on the relationships between PA/exercise and mental health outcomes. A discernible trend emerged, indicating stronger connections during the COVID period for anxiety and stress compared to the pre‐COVID era. Interestingly, the moderating effect of COVID was opposite for mood and exercise. The COVID‐19 pandemic led to a dramatic decline in PA among college students, coinciding with a period of heightened stress and anxiety. Despite a slight recovery in PA levels during the pandemic, the strengthened association between exercise and anxiety/stress during this time underscores the vital role of PA in promoting mental health. These findings highlight the importance of implementing behavior change strategies to maintain and promote student wellbeing.

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Associations of connectedness and parental behaviors with adolescent physical activity and mental health during COVID-19: A mediation analysis using the 2021 adolescent behaviors and experiences survey

Cited by 3 publications

References 73 publications

Engagement, Mental Health, and Substance Use Under In‐Person or Remote School Instruction During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Engagement, Mental Health, and Substance Use Under In‐Person or Remote School Instruction During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Goal Setting, Movement Behaviors, and Perceived Health during an Online Health Coaching Intervention

Tracking Well‐Being: A Comprehensive Analysis of Physical Activity and Mental Health in College Students Across COVID‐19 Phases Using Ecological Momentary Assessment

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