Astaxanthin anticancer effects are mediated through multiple molecular mechanisms: A systematic review

Faraone, Immacolata; Sinisgalli, Chiara; Ostuni, Angela; Armentano, Maria Francesca; Carmosino, Monica; Milella, Luigi; Russo, Daniela; Labanca, Fabiana; Khan, Haroon

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104689

Cited by 112 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…AXT has been shown to have high antioxidant activity compared to other carotenoids [ 33 ]. In cancer cell lines, it showed an opposite effect, acting as a pro-oxidant that induced apoptosis [ 8 , 18 ], which is a known phenomenon for carotenoids, probably due to the different ROS status between healthy and cancer cells [ 9 ]. In this study, we assayed the response of astroglioma cell lines to AXT treatment at concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 µM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, in vivo and in vitro studies of its effects on cancer suggest that administration of high doses of AXT leads to cell cycle arrest and that it has pro-apoptotic properties; however, these effects are highly dependent on the cell line analyzed (IC 50 ranging from 39 to 720 µM depending on the cell line). This indicates that AXT could potentially be used as an anti-cancer agent [ 8 ]. The discrepancy between the response of healthy and cancer cells to AXT administration is probably due to the fact that over-proliferative cancer cells maintain high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels when compared to healthy cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in healthy brain cells, AXT has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect against diseases such as cerebral ischemia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease [ 16 ], as well as to have potential as a geroneuroprotector [ 17 ]. However, studies have shown that AXT can trigger apoptosis by controlling redox homeostasis in various cancer cell lines, including oral, bladder, colon, liver, and lung cancer cell lines, as well as leukemia cell lines [ 8 , 18 ]. One study involving the GBM cell line A172 showed that AXT treatment did not trigger apoptosis up to a concentration of 150 µM but lowered the expression of matrix metallopeptidase proteins, and therefore, downregulated tumor cell invasion [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Dose Astaxanthin Treatments Trigger the Hormesis of Human Astroglioma Cells by Up-Regulating the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and Down-Regulated the Tumor Suppressor Protein P53

Shin

Saini

2020

Biomedicines

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Astaxanthin (AXT) is a xanthophyll carotenoid known to have potent anti-cancer effects via upregulation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which triggers apoptosis of cancer cells. While several studies have shown that AXT has potential as an anti-cancer drug, its effects in glioblastoma multiforme cells remain relatively unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of AXT in the astroglioma cell lines U251-MG, T98G, and CRT-MG. We found that the response to AXT varied between cell lines. Moreover, U251-MG cells showed a specific hormetic response to AXT. At high concentrations (20–40 μM), AXT triggered apoptosis in U251-MG cells, as it has been previously shown in other cancer cell lines. However, low concentrations (4–8 μM) of AXT were found to upregulate the proliferative cell cycle. Furthermore, at low concentrations, AXT did not affect the intracellular ROS levels, while the superoxide dismutase activity increased moderately. Western blot analysis showed that treatment with a low concentration of AXT upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2 and p-Cdk2/3 levels and downregulated the expression of tumor protein p53. Thus, our results showed that AXT has a hormetic effect in the astroglioma cell line U251-MG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Dose Astaxanthin Treatments Trigger the Hormesis of Human Astroglioma Cells by Up-Regulating the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and Down-Regulated the Tumor Suppressor Protein P53

Shin

Saini

2020

Biomedicines

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“…Phytopharmaceuticals primarily target malignant growth, and hence, they are the most appropriate contender for anticancer medications [ 1 , 2 ]. Nowadays, significant efforts have improved the efficacy of natural anticancer drugs with the appearance of encouraging strategies [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Potential of Furanocoumarins: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Aspects

Ahmed

Khan

Aschner

et al. 2020

IJMS

Self Cite

133

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Cancer is one of the most extreme medical conditions in both developing and developed countries around the world, causing millions of deaths each year. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are key for treatment approaches, but both have numerous adverse health effects. Furthermore, the resistance of cancerous cells to anticancer medication leads to treatment failure. The rising burden of cancer overall requires novel efficacious treatment modalities. Natural medications offer feasible alternative options against malignancy in contrast to western medication. Furanocoumarins’ defensive and restorative impacts have been observed in leukemia, glioma, breast, lung, renal, liver, colon, cervical, ovarian, and prostate malignancies. Experimental findings have shown that furanocoumarins activate multiple signaling pathways, leading to apoptosis, autophagy, antioxidant, antimetastatic, and cell cycle arrest in malignant cells. Additionally, furanocoumarins have been shown to have chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic synergistic potential when used in combination with other anticancer drugs. Here, we address different pathways which are activated by furanocoumarins and their therapeutic efficacy in various tumors. Ideally, this review will trigger interest in furanocoumarins and their potential efficacy and safety as a cancer lessening agents.

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“…The immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities of astaxanthin could influence the etiology of cancer [114]. Moreover, it was demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies that astaxanthin reduces the tumorigenesis also through the inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and the induction of cell apoptosis [126].…”

Section: Anti-cancer Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient

Jannel

Caro

Bermudes³

et al. 2020

JMSE

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Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.

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Astaxanthin anticancer effects are mediated through multiple molecular mechanisms: A systematic review

Cited by 112 publications

References 144 publications

Low Dose Astaxanthin Treatments Trigger the Hormesis of Human Astroglioma Cells by Up-Regulating the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and Down-Regulated the Tumor Suppressor Protein P53

Low Dose Astaxanthin Treatments Trigger the Hormesis of Human Astroglioma Cells by Up-Regulating the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and Down-Regulated the Tumor Suppressor Protein P53

Anticancer Potential of Furanocoumarins: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Aspects

Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient

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