Astaxanthin Protects Against Retinal Damage: Evidence from <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> Retinal Ischemia and Reperfusion Models

Otsuka, Tadashi; Shimazawa, Masamitsu; Inoue, Yuki; Nakano, Yusuke; Ojino, Kazuki; Izawa, Hiroshi; Tsuruma, Kazuhiro; Ishibashi, Tatsuro; Hara, Hideaki

doi:10.3109/02713683.2015.1127392

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Astaxanthin is reported to have protective effects on RGC against various stresses in vitro [22]. Oral supplementation of astaxanthin significantly reduces retinal damage and alleviates the decrease in electroretinogram a-and b-wave amplitudes following retinal ischemia and reperfusion [18]. Consistent with previous reports, our findings state that treatment with astaxanthin reduced oxidative stress, RGC apoptosis, and inflammatory response to preserve the visual function in rAION.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In the eye, astaxanthin has demonstrated a protective effect on UV-induced photokeratitis via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activity [17]. Astaxanthin also protects against retinal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress [18,19]. Furthermore, astaxanthin attenuates RGC death under various stresses in a murine model [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin Is a Potential Neuroprotective Agent against Optic Nerve Ischemia

Lin

Kapupara²,

Wen³

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll belonging to the family of carotenoids, is a potent antioxidant. However, much less is known about its protective effects on the oxidative stress of ischemic optic nerve. We hypothesized that astaxanthin treatment could protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from death via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic responses. Adult male Wistar rats were fed astaxanthin (100 mg/kg/day) by daily gavage for seven consecutive days, either before or after inducing oxidative stress in the retina by photodynamic treatment. The visual function, RGC apoptosis, macrophage infiltration in the optic nerve, expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR, SGK1, pS6K, Nrf2, p62, TNFα, Il1β in retinas were investigated. The visual function and the RGC densities were significantly higher in both pre- and post-treatment groups. The numbers of apoptotic RGCs and extrinsic macrophage infiltration in the optic nerve were significantly decreased in both astaxanthin-treated groups. Furthermore, pre- and post-treatment of astaxanthin showed a higher expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR, Nrf2 and superoxide dismutase activity, and a lower expression of cleaved caspase-3, suggesting anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative roles. Our findings indicate that astaxanthin can preserve visual function and reduce RGC apoptosis after ischemic insults. Including astaxanthin in daily diet as a supplement may be beneficiary for ischemic optic neuropathy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin Is a Potential Neuroprotective Agent against Optic Nerve Ischemia

Lin

Kapupara²,

Wen³

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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“…In addition, some food ingredients, such as anthocyanins [23][24][25], crocetin [26,27], astaxanthin [28,29], and lutein [30,31], which have antioxidant activities and improve peripheral circulation, have been reported to help recover eyestrain. MGR also has an antioxidant activity and improves peripheral circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoglucosyl rutin facilitates recovery from eyestrain in visual display terminal users: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study

Ashigai¹,

Kanaya²,

Fujii³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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BackgroundEyestrain is a serious quality of life problem, especially in the workplace. In particular, work at visual display terminals (VDTs) is a common cause of eyestrain. Currently, there are many workers who work at VDTs and tend to feel eyestrain. Rutin, derived from various food plants such as the Japanese pagoda tree (Styphnolobium japonicum), is a known polyphenol compound. Monoglucosyl rutin (MGR) is a highly water-soluble α-glucose adduct of rutin. Previous studies have demonstrated that rutin improved dry eye and also affected the microvascular blood flow in animal experiments. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that MGR could alleviate eyestrain caused by work at VDTs. In this clinical study, we evaluated whether MGR could improve eyestrain in healthy adults.MethodsThis study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Twenty healthy Japanese adults who tended to feel eyestrain were recruited to participate. During the first test period, the participants were asked to drink either a test food containing 377 mg of MGR or a placebo food without MGR. After the food intake, the participants did personal computer work at VDT for 30 min and then relaxed for 20 min. We evaluated the participants’ eyestrain using an objective parameter (high-frequency component 1, HFC1) and subjective parameters (visual analog scale). After 7 days, for the second test period, the participants consumed an alternate food following the same protocol as during the first test period. ResultsThe objective parameter of eyestrain (HFC1) was significantly lower in the MGR group than that in the placebo group. The subjective parameters of eyestrain and waist stiffness were improved in the MGR group in comparison with those in the placebo group.ConclusionsMGR supplementation has the potential to objectively and subjectively improve eyestrain symptoms due to VDT use.

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“…Various studies have confirmed that AST has a positive effect on human health. It has anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐aging, and antifatigue activity, it can prevent cardiovascular disease, protect the optic nerve, improve immune function, and effectively reduces the incidence of diabetes and has other functions. AST also has wide applications in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation evaluation of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in Pacific white shrimp during iced storage and frozen storage

et al. 2018

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BACKGROUND: In this paper, the changes in free astaxanthin (F-AST) and astaxanthin esters (AST-Es) in Litopenaeus vannamei during iced storage and frozen storage were investigated. The liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was used to quantify the molecular species of AST-Es in shrimp during storage. RESULTS:Based on the analysis of autoxidation products, apo-12-astaxanthinal and apo-13-astaxanthinone docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ester were identified as the major oxidation products of F-AST and AST-Es in L. vannamei during storage. The total astaxanthin (T-AST) content decreased by 34.51% after 7 days in iced storage. In contrast, the content of T-AST decreased by 43.76% after 12 weeks in frozen storage. The content of F-AST decreased by 29.99% while 13-cis-astaxanthin increased after 3 days in iced storage, which indicated that degradation of AST was accompanied by isomerization. Total volatile basic nitrogen and T-AST content showed a significant negative correlation while in frozen storage, where the concentration of T-AST might be one indicator to evaluate shrimp freshness. CONCLUSION: The correlation coefficients between phenol oxidase, lipoxygenase, apo-12-astaxanthinal, and apo-13-astaxanthinone DHA ester were all greater than 0.97 (P < 0.01). This correlation indicates that phenol oxidase and lipoxygenase were the main internal factors to improve oxygenation of astaxanthin in L. vannamei. These results provide a theoretical basis for further study of oxidation and the degradation mechanism in astaxanthin, as well as a new idea for the development and utilization of astaxanthin compounds in Pacific white shrimp.

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Astaxanthin Protects Against Retinal Damage: Evidence from In Vivo and In Vitro Retinal Ischemia and Reperfusion Models

Abstract: Collectively, these results indicate that astaxanthin inhibits ischemia-induced retinal cell death via its antioxidant effect. Hence, astaxanthin might be effective in treating retinal ischemic pathologies.

Cited by 50 publications

References 46 publications

Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin Is a Potential Neuroprotective Agent against Optic Nerve Ischemia

Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin Is a Potential Neuroprotective Agent against Optic Nerve Ischemia

Monoglucosyl rutin facilitates recovery from eyestrain in visual display terminal users: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study

Oxidation evaluation of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in Pacific white shrimp during iced storage and frozen storage

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