Asteroid Mining Tax as a Tool to Keep Peace in Outer Space

Semerád, Pavel

doi:10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101555

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…At the same time, some scholars are optimistic regarding the benefit-sharing mechanisms of asteroid mining. These scholars believe that asteroid mining may create shared benefits for all mankind, enable space travel and improve human living standards (Butkevičienė and Rabitz, 2022; Semerád, 2023). For example, Semerád (2023) proposed mechanisms to distribute taxes from mining companies to poor countries.…”

Section: Sustainability Issues Surrounding Moon and Asteroid Mining A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These scholars believe that asteroid mining may create shared benefits for all mankind, enable space travel and improve human living standards (Butkevičienė and Rabitz, 2022; Semerád, 2023). For example, Semerád (2023) proposed mechanisms to distribute taxes from mining companies to poor countries. MacWhorter (2016) argued that asteroid mining may help developing countries invest in advanced infrastructures and can create more sustainable earth mining practices.…”

Section: Sustainability Issues Surrounding Moon and Asteroid Mining A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The art of living together: space mining ecosystem, sustainability and accountability

Lee,

Fong

2024

AAAJ

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PurposeA major obstacle regarding the measurement of an organization's sustainability and accountability in the space economy is defining the context and boundaries of commercial activity in outer space. Here, we introduce an ecosystem framework to address this obstacle. We utilize this framework to analyze the space mining sector. Our ecosystem framework sets the space mining sector's boundaries and helps a firm identify key stakeholders, activities, policies, norms and common pool resources in that sector and the interactions between them; a significant step in structuring how to measure space sustainability and accountability.Design/methodology/approachBorrowing theories and perspectives from a wide range of academic fields, this paper conducts a comprehensive context analysis of the space mining ecosystem.FindingsUsing our ecosystem framework to define the context and set boundaries for the space mining sector allowed us to identify sustainability-related issues in the sector and offer roadmaps to develop sustainability measures and standards.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first papers to introduce a framework to define boundaries in the global space economy and provides a tool to understand, measure and evaluate the space mining sector's environmental, social and economic issues.

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Section: Sustainability Issues Surrounding Moon and Asteroid Mining A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sustainability Issues Surrounding Moon and Asteroid Mining A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The art of living together: space mining ecosystem, sustainability and accountability

Lee,

Fong

2024

AAAJ

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“…Mars exploration, highlighted by NASA's plans for human missions by 2030, offers insights into exobiology, potential human settlement, and economic and scientific advancements, positioning Mars as a future second home for humanity and underscoring the importance of interplanetary missions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Mars exploration began with NASA's Mariner 4 mission in 1964 [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MeSat Mission: Exploring Martian Environment with THz Radiometer Payload and Optimal Trajectory

Rastinasab,

Hu,

Saghamanesh

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Space exploration presents vast prospects for scientific, industrial, and economic progress. This paper introduces the MeSat mission as a pioneering approach to Mars exploration. The MeSat aims to deepen our understanding of Martian conditions and resources by employing an optimized Earth-to-Mars trajectory, enabling a comprehensive study of the Martian atmosphere and surface. The mission comprises a cargo microsatellite hosting three 6U CubeSats and two 3U CubeSats, deployed into four separate Mars orbits to form a constellation. Each CubeSat carries distinct payloads: a THz radiometer for Martian water vapor atmospheric observation, a high-resolution surface camera, a high-tech spectrometer, and a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) for wind speed readings. This paper includes the majority of the key parameters; however, we focus our discussion more on two aspects of this pioneering mission: the first aspect contains the proposal of four distinct payloads for the study of Mars’ atmosphere and the second aspect proposes an optimal mission design algorithm that analyzes a fuel-efficient low-thrust trajectory from Earth to Mars. Regarding the payloads, the THz radiometer requires a specific design; hence, we explain this payload in more depth; the rest of the payloads, we suggest utilizing commercially available elements for the cost-effective manufacture of a whole system. For mission trajectory optimization, the study employs a dual-step hybrid optimization algorithm (PSO-homotopy) to analyze fuel-efficient low-thrust trajectories from Earth to Mars, incorporating the ephemeris dynamics model to account for gravitational perturbations in the entire Solar System. In practical mission design, crucial factors like hyperbolic excess velocity, diverse opportunities for Earth launch and Mars rendezvous, varied propulsion systems, and time of flight (TOF) play vital roles in trajectory optimization. In summary, for the MeSat mission, we propose a comprehensive Mars environmental mission design. We consider all aspects of the mission from trajectory design to engineering detail design, since we would like to inspire future Mars missions with a complete report.

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“…Additionally, the availability of rare and valuable materials from space can reduce the cost of manufacturing and improve the efficiency of various industries. This potential has led to increased interest and investment in space mining and related research [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MeSat Mission: Revolutionizing Mars Exploration with THz Radiometer Payload and Optimal Trajectory

Rastinasab,

Hu,

Saghamanesh

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Space exploration presents vast prospects for scientific, industrial, and economic progress. This paper introduces the MeSat mission as a pioneering approach to Mars exploration. MeSat aims to deepen our understanding of Martian conditions and resources by employing an optimized Earth-to-Mars trajectory, enabling a comprehensive study of the Martian atmosphere and surface. The mission comprises a Cargo Microsatellite hosting three 6U CubeSats and two 3U CubeSats, deployed into four separate Mars orbits forming a constellation. Each CubeSat carries distinct payloads: a THz radiometer for water detection, a high-resolution surface camera, a top-tier spectrometer, and a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) for wind speed readings. This paper focuses on two pivotal innovations: the development of a 183GHz radiometer payload for detecting water on Mars and a optimal mission design algorithm that analyzes a fuel-efficient low-thrust trajectory from Earth to Mars. Regarding the THz payload for water detection, a subharmonic Schottky diode-based mixer is meticulously designed to efficiently down-convert radio signals. The down-converted signals are carefully analyzed using a customized Do-It-Yourself (DIY) spectrum meter, which facilitated the capture and processing of acquired data. To provide the necessary Local Oscillator signals for the mixer, a Tripler employing three-anode Schottky diodes is developed. Additionally, the Tripler requires a signal generator for its entry frequency, which is addressed by developing a DIY signal generator. Together, these components, comprising the Schottky diode mixer, Tripler, and DIY circuits, collectively form the complete THz payload, demonstrating exceptional power efficiency with a total consumption of only 3.7W. The study employs a dual-step hybrid optimization algorithm (PSO-Homotopy) to analyze fuel-efficient low-thrust trajectories from Earth to Mars, incorporating the Ephemeris dynamics model to account for gravitational perturbations in the entire solar system. In practical mission design, crucial factors like hyperbolic excess velocity, diverse opportunities for Earth launch and Mars rendezvous, varied propulsion systems, and Time of Flight (TOF) play vital roles in trajectory optimization.

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Asteroid Mining Tax as a Tool to Keep Peace in Outer Space

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

The art of living together: space mining ecosystem, sustainability and accountability

The art of living together: space mining ecosystem, sustainability and accountability

MeSat Mission: Exploring Martian Environment with THz Radiometer Payload and Optimal Trajectory

MeSat Mission: Revolutionizing Mars Exploration with THz Radiometer Payload and Optimal Trajectory

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