Asymmetry of the breast: Some uncommon cases

Gliosci, Amleto; Presutti, F.

doi:10.1007/bf00451347

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Since each breast arises from an individual anlage (primordium) 4 ' 26 , it is not surprising that one breast bud will appear before its counterpart responds to the hormonal stimulus and BREAST MALFORMATIONS either begin to develop sooner or grow at a more rapid rate 26 . Most individuals remain unaware of it 29 . Most individuals remain unaware of it 29 .…”

Section: Asymmetry Of the Breastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital Malformations and Developmental Changes of the Breast: A Neonatological View

Merlob

2003

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Congenital malformations of the breast and nipple-areolar complex are described from the aspect of neonatal dysmorphology. Their classification is based on the accepted nomenclature in the medical literature and on a special method of clinical examination. The embryology and the possible genes involved in breast development are also discussed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of breast malformations. Except for amastia, polymastia and polythelia, which have received much attention, the data for many other breast malformations are sparse. Case control studies or even case series are rare, and good evidence is often lacking. In addition, more studies are needed to complete the map of genes involved in breast development. This information will contribute substantially to our understanding and clinical approach to breast malformations in the future.

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Section: Asymmetry Of the Breastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant asymmetry of the breasts has been observed in 5.2% of women treated with mammoplasty 29 . Significant asymmetry of the breasts has been observed in 5.2% of women treated with mammoplasty 29 .…”

Section: Asymmetry Of the Breastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Malformations and Developmental Changes of the Breast: A Neonatological View

Merlob

2003

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Gliosci and Prescutti reviewed their mammaplasty patients and noted significant breast asymmetry in 5.2 percent. 8 However, these data were based on an impression rather than an objective grading scale to assess asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that women who receive breast conservation therapy in the treatment of their breast cancer have noticeable treatmentrelated breast asymmetry.…”

Section: Patient Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

Aesthetic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Breast Conservation Therapy for the Treatment of Localized Breast Cancer

Bajaj

Kon

Oberg

et al. 2004

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

119

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Localized breast cancer can be treated with lumpectomy and postoperative radiation therapy, also called breast conservation therapy, with an efficacy equivalent to that of mastectomy. Reports evaluating the effects of radiotherapy suggested that breast conservation therapy had "acceptable" cosmetic outcomes; thus, posttreatment evaluation for aesthetic impact has not been instituted as a standard of care. More recent reports have suggested that the effect of breast conservation therapy on aesthetic outcome is not minimal and that patients may benefit from reconstructive consultation. The purpose of this study was to measure objectively the aesthetic change in women who undergo breast conservation therapy and whether the extent of change is significant enough (objectively and subjectively) to warrant plastic surgery consultation. The authors evaluated 21 patients who had undergone breast conservation therapy. Eleven non-breast cancer patients seeking plastic surgery consultation were used as controls. Standardized five-view photographs (frontal, left and right lateral, and left and right lateral oblique views) were obtained. Patient photograph sets were compiled and evaluated independently by eight reviewers (four surgeons, two nurses, and two medical students). Reviewers evaluated the photographs using the breast asymmetry score (score range, 0 to 9) assessing breast size, ptosis, nipple-areola position, shape, scar appearance, contour deformity, and skin changes. The authors considered 2 SD above the control mean as significant. Breast conservation therapy patients also completed a 15-item questionnaire targeting objective and subjective data about treatment-related breast change. Breast conservation therapy patients had an average treatment-related asymmetry score of 1.93, with 35 percent demonstrating significant change as compared with controls. Although most patients (86 percent) were satisfied with the cancer treatment outcome, all patients noted asymmetry. The authors' data indicate that breast conservation therapy can cause significant asymmetry; thus, an option for plastic surgery consultation as part of the treatment protocol is warranted.

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Congenital Malformations and Developmental Changes of the Breast: A Dysmorphological View

Merlob¹

2018

Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction

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Asymmetry of the breast: Some uncommon cases

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Congenital Malformations and Developmental Changes of the Breast: A Neonatological View

Congenital Malformations and Developmental Changes of the Breast: A Neonatological View

Aesthetic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Breast Conservation Therapy for the Treatment of Localized Breast Cancer

Congenital Malformations and Developmental Changes of the Breast: A Dysmorphological View

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