Asymptomatic Canine Degenerative Valve Disease

Gordon, Sonya G.; Saunders, Ashley B.; Wesselowski, Sonya

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.01.010

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A total of 13% of the respondents mentioned the presence of pulmonary edema and 2% mentioned pleural effusion. These responses are unexpected, since pulmonary edema would be very unlikely to be present in a dog without any clinical signs, such as exercise intolerance, dyspnea, and tachypnea [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Pleural effusion is a very unlikely manifestation of MMVD in dogs [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These responses are unexpected, since pulmonary edema would be very unlikely to be present in a dog without any clinical signs, such as exercise intolerance, dyspnea, and tachypnea [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Pleural effusion is a very unlikely manifestation of MMVD in dogs [ 6 ]. Of the respondents who would prescribe pimobendan for an asymptomatic adult dog with a heart murmur, 59% would do this based on thoracic radiographic findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) is the most common heart disease in dogs [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. This disease is incurable, as the etiology and exact pathogenesis are still unknown [ 1 , 4 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitral regurgitation progressively worsens over the years, causing a left apical systolic murmur on auscultation with increasing intensity, along with chronic left ventricular volume overload [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Despite progressive and ongoing cardiac remodeling, affected dogs tend to remain free of clinical signs for years and often for life [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 ]. The appearance of clinical signs, typically as a result of cardiogenic pulmonary edema, i.e., congestive left-sided heart failure (CHF), indicates a very advanced disease stage, which manifests as exercise intolerance, tachypnoea, and dyspnea [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the published guidelines of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM, 2019), the subclinical stage of the disease is divided into an early stage, when the left atrium and left ventricle are of normal size (stage B1), and an advanced stage, when left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy and left atrial dilatation are present (stage B2) [ 4 ]. Because MMVD is an incurable disease, the treatment goals in the subclinical stage are to delay the onset of CHF and to prolong longevity [ 1 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The clinical stage of the disease, caused by CHF, is divided into an early (stage C) and a therapy-resistant late stage (stage D) [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Reported Utilization of International (ACVIM Consensus) Guidelines and the Latest Clinical Trial Results on the Treatment of Dogs with Various Stages of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Degeneration: A Survey among Veterinary Practitioners

van Staveren,

Muis,

Szatmári

2024

Animals

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Background: Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration is the most common canine heart disease. Several clinical trials have investigated various treatments. The latest recommendations are published in the ACVIM consensus guidelines (2019). Our study aimed to investigate how closely veterinary practitioners apply the treatment recommendations of these guidelines and the latest clinical trials. Methods: An online survey was sent to Dutch and Belgian veterinary practices via digital channels. Results: The data from 363 fully completed surveys were analyzed. For stage B1 disease, 93% recommended, correctly, no treatment. For stage B2 disease, 67% of the respondents recommended starting pimobendan as monotherapy. For chronic treatment of stage C disease, 16 different drug combinations were mentioned, but nobody recommended surgery. Only 48% of the respondents recommended the only evidence-based drug combination: a loop diuretic with pimobendan. A concerning finding was the simultaneous prescription of two loop diuretics, by 19% of the respondents. Conclusions: Treatment recommendations showed an increasing variation with more advanced disease stages from B1 through B2 to C. This reflects the increasing disagreement among the panelists who prepared the ACVIM consensus guidelines. Practitioners of our study seem to practice more evidence-based medicine than veterinary cardiologists, as it was reported in a recent survey-based study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Self-Reported Utilization of International (ACVIM Consensus) Guidelines and the Latest Clinical Trial Results on the Treatment of Dogs with Various Stages of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Degeneration: A Survey among Veterinary Practitioners

van Staveren,

Muis,

Szatmári

2024

Animals

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Sildenafil-induced priapism in a dog : an unusual case report

Nam,

2024

BMC Vet Res

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Background Priapism is defined as erection that lasts for more than 4 h without sexual stimulation. There are various causes of priapism, but there are no reports of sildenafil-induced priapism in dogs. In human medicine, there were no pre-marketing reports of priapism caused by sildenafil, but post-marketing surveillance has shown that it is rare. In cases of pulmonary hypertension in dogs, sildenafil is the first-line drug of choice for symptomatic relief. Case presentation An 11-year-old neutered male Maltese dog that presented with tachypnea and cough was diagnosed with myxomatous mitral valve disease, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stage C, and was treated medically. Eighteen months after the diagnosis, severe pulmonary hypertension occurred due to left heart disease. At 20 months postdiagnosis, pleural effusion occurred, and sildenafil (2 mg/kg twice daily) was added to the existing treatment. Two weeks later, the dyspnea recurred, confirming pleural fluid recurrence, and sildenafil was increased to 2 mg/kg thrice daily. One day later, the patient developed persistent erections and penile pain. Penile amputation and urethrostomy were recommended but were refused; therefore, analgesia and palliative care were provided. The patient died of acute dyspnea 22 months after the first presentation, with no specific priapism recurrence at the time of death. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sildenafil-induced priapism in a dog with pulmonary hypertension.

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RNA sequencing provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease stage B1 in beagle dogs

Kim,

Hong,

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiovascular disorder in dogs with a high prevalence, accounting for approximately 75% of all canine heart disease cases. MMVD is a complex disease and shows variable progression from mild valve leakage to severe regurgitation, potentially leading to heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms and age-related changes that govern disease progression, especially at the early stage (B1) before the development of discernable clinical signs, remain poorly understood. In this prospective study, we aimed to compare gene expression differences between blood samples of aged beagle dogs with stage B1 MMVD and those of healthy controls using RNA sequencing. Clinical evaluation was also conducted, which revealed minimal differences in radiographic and echocardiographic measurements despite distinct biomarker variations between the two groups. Comparative transcriptomics revealed differentially expressed genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, prostaglandin metabolism, immune modulation, and interferon-related pathways, which bear functional relevance for MMVD. In particular, the top 10 over- and under-expressed genes represent promising candidates for influencing pathogenic changes in MMVD stage B1. Our research findings, which include identified variations in clinical markers and gene expression, enhance our understanding of MMVD. Furthermore, they underscore the need for further research into early diagnosis and treatment strategies, as, to the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have explored the precise molecular mechanisms of stage B1 in MMVD through total RNA sequencing.

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Asymptomatic Canine Degenerative Valve Disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Self-Reported Utilization of International (ACVIM Consensus) Guidelines and the Latest Clinical Trial Results on the Treatment of Dogs with Various Stages of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Degeneration: A Survey among Veterinary Practitioners

Self-Reported Utilization of International (ACVIM Consensus) Guidelines and the Latest Clinical Trial Results on the Treatment of Dogs with Various Stages of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Degeneration: A Survey among Veterinary Practitioners

Sildenafil-induced priapism in a dog : an unusual case report

RNA sequencing provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease stage B1 in beagle dogs

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