Asymptomatic oral yeast carriage and antifungal susceptibility profile of HIV-infected patients in Kunming, Yunnan Province of China

Abstract

BackgroundOral Candida colonization and its relation with predisposing factors in HIV-infected patients have received wide concerns during recent decades. In this study, we investigated asymptomatic oral Candida carriage rate, species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of 604 HIV-infected patients and 851 healthy individuals in Kunming, Yunnan Province of China.MethodsMucosal swab sampling was taken from each subject and CHROMagar Candida agar medium and API 20C AUX system were used to identify yeast isolates. In vitro antifungal susceptibility was tested by the broth microdilution method according to the M27-A2 document of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).ResultsThe oral yeast colonization rate in HIV-infected patients (49.5%) was higher than that of healthy subjects (20.7%). Candida albicans constituted the most frequent species, accounting for 82.2% of yeast isolates. The remaining species were composed of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. rugosa, C. norvegensis, Pichia ohmeri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In HIV-infected patients, asymptomatic oral yeast colonization was associated with low CD4 cell count (<200 cells/mm3) and lack of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Different Candida species isolated from our samples presented different susceptibility to voriconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole. Amphotericin B had the best inhibiting effect for all isolates.ConclusionOral yeast colonization in Han Chinese patients with HIV from Kunming had common and unique features and was associated with CD4 cell number and HARRT. Amphotericin B should be used with first priority in controlling Candida infection in Han Chinese patients from Kunming. Our results provide first hand information on monitoring oral yeasts colonization in HIV-infected patients from Kunming, China.

Oral Candida spp carriage and periodontal diseases in HIV-infected patients in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

“…Most of the infections are related to Candida spp, which is generally a commensal in the oral cavity, but in immunologically-compromised patients it can assume pathogenic characteristics 2 . Some studies showed that candidiasis comes from commensal strains and that asymptomatic oral colonization can lead to oral lesions or become a source of disseminated infections 3-5 .…”

Virulência de isolados clínicos de Candida tropicalis

“…O aumento da incidência das infecções fúngicas tem sido associada a pacientes com comprometimento do sistema imunológico 1,2,3 , Candida albicans é a espécie frequentemente isolada 4,5,2,3 . No entanto, outras espécies têm aumentado significativamente sua prevalência, dentre estas C. tropicalis 6,3,7 .…”

“…No entanto, outras espécies têm aumentado significativamente sua prevalência, dentre estas C. tropicalis 6,3,7 . As infecções por C. tropicalis são comumente associadas a malignidade, com alguns estudos relatando sua alta incidência entre pacientes com doenças hematológicas, como por exemplo, leucemia mieloide aguda 8,9,10,11 , sendo causa comum de infecção em unidades de terapia intensiva, é um problema particular em pacientes neutropênicos 12,13, 14 .…”

Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2013 update)

“…The isolate was sensitive to all four tested antimycotics. In oral swabs from HIV-patients, Li et al (2013) found that one of the yeast isolates (frequency = 0.3% of isolates) was a Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isolate was sensitive to all four tested antimycotics.…”

“…Among these new papers, there were no relevant publications on the lack of toxicity or toxin production: in contrast production of peptaibols and the pyranone volatiles have been reported (Chen et al, 2013;Wickel et al, 2013). Most reports investigate the diversity of promising industrial use, which this species offers.…”