Asymptotic response to four-path selection due to index and single trait selection according to genomically enhanced breeding values

Kenji, Togashi; Kurogi, Kazuhito; Adachi, Kazunori; Tokunaka, Kota; Yasumori, Takanori; Watanabe, Toshio; Toda, Shohei; Takahashi, Tsutomu

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103846

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although the heritability estimates for BCoV + were low in dairy cattle, it is possible to make genetic improvement in traits with low heritabilities. Multiple studies have shown that selection for lowly heritable traits is possible and justifiable (32,33). Around 100 positional candidate genes were identified within regions associated with BCoV + and/or BCoV + BRD + .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Loci Associated With Bovine Corona Virus Infection and Bovine Respiratory Disease in Dairy and Feedlot Cattle

Kiser

Neibergs

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is associated with respiratory and enteric infections in both dairy and beef cattle worldwide. It is also one of a complex of pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), which affects millions of cattle annually. The objectives of this study were to identify loci and heritability estimates associated with BCoV infection and BRD in dairy calves and feedlot cattle. Dairy calves from California (n = 1,938) and New Mexico (n = 647) and feedlot cattle from Colorado (n = 915) and Washington (n = 934) were tested for the presence of BCoV when classified as BRD cases or controls following the McGuirk scoring system. Two comparisons associated with BCoV were investigated: (1) cattle positive for BCoV (BCoV+) were compared to cattle negative for BCoV (BCoV−) and (2) cattle positive for BCoV and affected with BRD (BCoV+BRD+) were compared to cattle negative for BCoV and BRD (BCoV−BRD−). The Illumina BovineHD BeadChip was used for genotyping, and genome-wide association analyses (GWAA) were performed using EMMAX (efficient mixed-model association eXpedited). The GWAA for BCoV+ identified 51 loci (p < 1 × 10−5; 24 feedlot, 16 dairy, 11 combined) associated with infection with BCoV. Three loci were associated with BCoV+ across populations. Heritability estimates for BCoV+ were 0.01 for dairy, 0.11 for feedlot cattle, and 0.03 for the combined population. For BCoV+BRD+, 80 loci (p < 1 × 10−5; 26 feedlot, 25 dairy, 29 combined) were associated including 14 loci across populations. Heritability estimates for BCoV+BRD+ were 0.003 for dairy, 0.44 for feedlot cattle, and 0.07 for the combined population. Several positional candidate genes associated with BCoV and BRD in this study have been associated with other coronaviruses and respiratory infections in humans and mice. These results suggest that selection may reduce susceptibility to BCoV infection and BRD in cattle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Loci Associated With Bovine Corona Virus Infection and Bovine Respiratory Disease in Dairy and Feedlot Cattle

Kiser

Neibergs

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…. ∆𝐺𝐺 �� , where ∆𝐺𝐺 �� is the desired genetic gain for the i th specific time during growth, 𝑺𝑺 is a s � �� 1� matrix, s is the total number of restrictions in the fattening process, 𝑡𝑡 � is the age standardized for the i th specific time in fattening process for the desired gains (i = 1,..,s), 𝜑𝜑 𝒋𝒋 �𝑡𝑡 � � is the j th order of Legendre polynomial (j = 0,..,k) evaluated at age 𝑡𝑡 � standardized, and The vector of difference in Legendre polynomial coefficients after and before selection (∆𝜶𝜶 𝜶𝜶 � ca 115 be described according to BLUP properties [20] The vector of difference in Legendre polynomial coeffic 115 be described according to BLUP properties [20] The vector of difference in Legendre polynomial coefficients after and before selection (∆𝜶𝜶 𝜶𝜶 � can 115 be described according to BLUP properties [20] The vector of difference in Legendre polynomial coefficients after and before selection (∆𝜶𝜶 𝜶𝜶 � can 115 be described according to BLUP properties [20] The covariance GEBV between traits i and j was derived by assum 132 used to estimate marker effects [21,22], such that 133 134 The covariance GEBV between traits i and j was derived by assuming that suffic 132 used to estimate marker effects [21,22] The covariance GEBV between traits i and j was derived by a 132 used to estimate marker effects [21,22], such that 133 134…”

Section: After Selection Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. The covariance GEBV between traits i and j was derived by assuming that sufficient data were used to estimate marker effects [21,22], such that www.animbiosci.org 841 The covariance GEBV between traits i and j was derived by assuming that sufficient data were 132 used to estimate marker effects [21,22], such that 133 134…”

Section: After Selection Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an index that decreases birth weight, promotes postnatal growth and yet minimizes selection intensity in beef cattle

Togashi,

Watanabe,

Ogino

et al. 2024

Anim Biosci

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Objective: The main goal of our current study was to improve the growth curve of meat animals by decreasing the birth weight while achieving a finishing weight that is the same as that before selection but at younger age.Methods: Random regression model was developed to derive various selection indices to achieve desired gains in body weight at target time points throughout the fattening process. We considered absolute and proportional gains at specific ages (in weeks) and for various stages (i.e., early, middle, late) during the fattening process.Results: The point gain index was particularly easy to use because breeders can assign a specific age (in weeks) as a time point and model either the actual weight gain desired or a scaled percentage gain in body weight.Conclusion: The point gain index we developed can achieve the desired weight gain at any given postnatal week of the growing process and is an easy-to-use and practical option for improving the growth curve.

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Predicting the rate of inbreeding in populations undergoing four-path selection on genomically enhanced breeding values

Kenji

Adachi²,

Kurogi³

et al. 2022

Anim Biosci

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Objective: A formula is needed that is practical for current livestock breeding methods and that predicts the approximate rate of inbreeding (∆F) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs (sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters). The formula widely used to predict inbreeding neglects selection, we need to develop the new formula can be applied with or without selection. Methods:The core of the prediction is to incorporate the long-tern genetic influence of the selected parents in four-selection paths executed as sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters. Our prediction method is based on the concept of long-term genetic contributions. The selective advantage of the parents in four-selection paths was described in the linear model. The rate of inbreeding was computed as the magnitude that is proportional to the sum of squared long-term genetic contributions of the parents of four-selection paths to the selected offspring. A c c e p t e d A r t i c l e3 Results: We developed a formula to predict the rate of inbreeding in populations undergoing four-path selection due to index or single-trait selection according to on genomically enhanced breeding values and with discrete generations. Generations were regarded as discrete under the assumption that number of parents in four-path selection and magnitude of selection intensity were the same throughout the usage period of several years. When the effects of selection on the rate of inbreeding were neglected in the formula developed here, the predicted rates of inbreeding agreed with those from the previously reported and widely used formula, which neglects selection, i.e., The new formula can be applied with or without selection. Neglecting the effects of selection led to underestimation of the rate of inbreeding by 40% to 45%. Conclusion:The formula we developed here would be highly useful as a practical method for predicting the approximate rate of inbreeding (∆F) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs.

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Asymptotic response to four-path selection due to index and single trait selection according to genomically enhanced breeding values

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Identifying Loci Associated With Bovine Corona Virus Infection and Bovine Respiratory Disease in Dairy and Feedlot Cattle

Identifying Loci Associated With Bovine Corona Virus Infection and Bovine Respiratory Disease in Dairy and Feedlot Cattle

Development of an index that decreases birth weight, promotes postnatal growth and yet minimizes selection intensity in beef cattle

Predicting the rate of inbreeding in populations undergoing four-path selection on genomically enhanced breeding values

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