Atherogenesis, Inflammation and Autoimmunity - An Overview

Lakota, Katja; Artenjak, Andrej; Čučnik, Saša; Brguljan‐Hitij, Jana; Cegovnik, Borut; Salobir, Barbara; Accetto, Rok; Božič, Borut; Rozman, B; Sodin‐Šemrl, Snežna

doi:10.5772/26811

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, are the leading cause of death globally, with atherosclerosis being the most common underlying reason for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition, systemic inflammation (present in a number of chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis) drives accelerated atherosclerosis (1) and patients with these diseases are at risk for developing atherosclerosis and its complications. Serum amyloid A (SAA), a major acute phase protein, is increased in chronic inflammatory diseases and coronary artery disease (2, 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Inflammatory Activation and DNA Damage in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells

Burja

Kuret

Janko

et al. 2019

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Olive leaf extract (OLE) is used in traditional medicine as a food supplement and as an over-the-counter drug for a variety of its effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic ones. Mechanisms through which OLE could modulate these pathways in human vasculature remain largely unknown. Serum amyloid A (SAA) plays a causal role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases and induces pro-inflammatory and pro-adhesive responses in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). Within this study we explored whether OLE can attenuate SAA-driven responses in HCAEC. HCAEC were treated with SAA (1,000 nM) and/or OLE (0.5 and 1 mg/ml). The expression of adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and E-selectin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) and microRNA 146a, let-7e, and let-7g (involved in the regulation of inflammation) was determined by qPCR. The amount of secreted IL-6, IL-8, MIF, and GRO-α in cell culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA. Phosphorylation of NF-κB was assessed by Western blot and DNA damage was measured using the COMET assay. OLE decreased significantly released protein levels of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as mRNA expression of E-selectin in SAA-stimulated HCAEC and reduced MMP2 levels in unstimulated cells. Phosphorylation of NF-κB (p65) was upregulated in the presence of SAA, with OLE significantly attenuating this SAA-induced effect. OLE stabilized SAA-induced upregulation of microRNA-146a and let-7e in HCAEC, suggesting that OLE could fine-tune the SAA-driven activity of NF-κB by changing the microRNA networks in HCAEC. SAA induced DNA damage and worsened the oxidative DNA damage in HCAEC, whereas OLE protected HCAEC from SAA- and H 2 O 2 -driven DNA damage. OLE significantly attenuated certain pro-inflammatory and pro-adhesive responses and decreased DNA damage in HCAEC upon stimulation with SAA. The reversal of SAA-driven endothelial activation by OLE might contribute to its anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects in HCAEC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Inflammatory Activation and DNA Damage in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells

Burja

Kuret

Janko

et al. 2019

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

Self Cite

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“…Introduction of the latter complexes into macrophages, by way of the immunoglobulins (FC) receptor, results in foam cell formation [43]. Foam cell formation via these and other peroxidation-independent mechanisms is presently a topic of extensive investigations [44][45][46].…”

Section: Evidence For the Involvement Of Free Radicals In Atherogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) Modified lipoproteins are formed via free radical-independent mechanisms [46,87,93]. 4) Free radicals initiate atherosclerosis but play only a minor role in later stages of the complex processes that yield AS, so that vitamin E does not alter the process when added after initiation occurred [88].…”

Section: Antioxidants Do Not Always Inhibit Ldl Peroxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherogenesis, the oxidative LDL modification hypothesis revisited

Lichtenberg¹,

Pinchuk²

2013

ABB

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The commonly-accepted "oxidized LDL hypothesis of atherogenesis" is based on a large number of indirect evidence that shows that oxidatively-modified LDL plays a role in atherogenesis. Yet, the exact role is not clear. Some researchers think that oxidatively modified biomolecules initiate atherogenesis; others believe that they "only" promote this multifactorial process. Regardless of the exact mechanism responsible for the effect of peroxidation on atherogenesis, the "oxidative theory of AS" is apparently inconsistent with the results of meta-analysis, in which (the "expected") significant correlation between CVD and oxidative stress (OS) was found only when the OS was evaluated on the basis of the plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), often based on the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Notably, even this association is questionable due to 1) poor reliability of the laboratory assay of MDA and 2) possible publication bias. Hence, it appears that the commonly accepted paradigm regarding the role of oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of CVD has been overestimated. Furthermore, the hypothesis is apparently inconsistent with the disappointing results of most of the clinical trials that were designed to reduce OS by means of supplementation of antioxidants, mostly vitamin E. These apparent inconsistencies do not contradict the oxidative modification hypothesis of AS. The source of the apparent contradictions is probably the oversimplified considerations on which the predictions have been based. Many reasonable arguments can be raised to explain the apparent contradictions, which means that our current knowledge is insufficient to test the relationship of oxidative stress to cardiovascular disease.[85] Tynkkynen, T., Mursu, J., Nurmi, T., Tuppurainen, K., Laatikainen, R. and Soininen, P. (2012) NMR protocol for determination of oxidation susceptibility of serum lipids and application of the protocol to a chocolate study. Metabolomics,8,[386][387][388][389][390][391][392][393][394][395][396][397][398]

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“…O evento inicial do desenvolvimento da placa é uma lesão na parede endotelial da artéria, que pode ser desencadeada por diversos fatores de risco, como aumento da concentração de lipoproteínas aterogênicas, hipertensão, diabetes ou tabagismo. Essa agressão ao endotélio desencadeia a expressão de diferentes citocinas pro-inflamatórias, quimocinas e moléculas adevisas que levam a atração de monócitos e sua migração até a túnica íntima (2,(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Alterações Nas Paredes Das Artérias Decorrentes Da Ateroscleroseunclassified

“…As LDLs retidas sofrem modificações oxidativas provocadas por espécies reativas de oxigênio produzidas por células endoteliais e macrófagos ou até mesmo por enzimas presentes na íntima da artéria. Essa infiltração e retenção da LDL na parede arterial inicia uma resposta inflamatória (2,(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Alterações Nas Paredes Das Artérias Decorrentes Da Ateroscleroseunclassified

Estudo e caracterização de marcadores ópticos para a aterosclerose

Sicchieri¹

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Aos meus colegas de salinha, Tânia, Camila, Lucas, Caetano, Danilo, Débora, Cris, vocês deixavam minhas tardes bem mais felizes. Aos meus amigos de faculdade Fernanda Cavalcante (Fee) e Tiago José Arruda (eterno Turco) que estiveram do meu lado durante todos esses anos.iii Ao IPEN, aos pesquisadores do Centro de Lasers de Aplicações por contribuírem de alguma maneira nas várias etapas desse trabalho.Aos demais funcionários e técnicos do CLA, em especial ao Sr. Luiz Rosa que estava sempre disposto a ajudar e sempre de bom humor.Ao Biotério do IPEN e seus funcionários pelos serviços prestados.

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Atherogenesis, Inflammation and Autoimmunity - An Overview

Cited by 4 publications

References 87 publications

Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Inflammatory Activation and DNA Damage in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells

Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Inflammatory Activation and DNA Damage in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells

Atherogenesis, the oxidative LDL modification hypothesis revisited

Estudo e caracterização de marcadores ópticos para a aterosclerose

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