Atherosclerosis and carcinoma: Two facets of dysfunctional cholesterol homeostasis

Chandra, Nimai Chand

doi:10.1002/jbt.22595

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…AS is more common in middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old, and progresses faster after 49 years old. The incidence of AS in men is higher than that in women before menopause and the incidence is similar in both sexes after menopause [ 3 , 4 ]. The exact cause of AS is currently not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Bioactivities of Phytochemical Saponins in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Luo

Chen

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by hardening and narrowing of arteries. AS leads to a number of arteriosclerotic vascular diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease, which pose a big threat to human health. Phytochemicals are a variety of intermediate or terminal low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced during plant energy metabolism. Phytochemicals from plant foods (vegetables, fruits, whole grains) and traditional herb plants have been shown to exhibit multiple bioactivities which are beneficial for prevention and treatment against AS. Many types of phytochemicals including polyphenols, saponins, carotenoids, terpenoids, organic sulfur compounds, phytoestrogens, phytic acids and plant sterols have already been identified, among which saponins are a family of glycosidic compounds consisting of a hydrophobic aglycone (sapogenin) linked to hydrophilic sugar moieties. In recent years, studies have shown that saponins exhibit a number of biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, cholesterol-lowering, immunomodulation, anti-platelet aggregation, etc., which are helpful in the prevention and treatment of AS. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the anti-atherosclerotic bioactivities of saponins such as ginsenoside, soyasaponin, astra-galoside, glycyrrhizin, gypenoside, dioscin, saikosaponin, etc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Bioactivities of Phytochemical Saponins in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Luo

Chen

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…4 In fact, evidence has shown that high cholesterol levels are linked to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, due to the accumulation of cholesterol in atherosclerotic plaques. 5,6 Cholesterol, a key molecule in this entire process, plays a significant role in a variety of homeostatic systems. 7 Most mammalian cells can acquire cholesterol from two independent sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico Analysis of the Polyphenolic Metabolites of Zea mays L. "Purple Corn" on HMG-CoA Reductase

M¹,

A²,

Silva-Correa³

et al. 2022

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This research aims to identify the polyphenolic metabolites, reported in ears and grains of Zea mays L. "purple corn" according to the current literature, with more significant interaction on HMG-CoA reductase, through in silico assays. Using the keyword combination "Zea mays L" AND "polyphenols" , a search was made in Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases, identifying 22 polyphenolic compounds. Polyphenolic ligands and control molecules were prepared with the OpenBabel program and parameterized with AutoDock Tools. In addition, the crystallized structure of HMG-CoA reductase (1DQA) was downloaded from the Protein Data Bank database, then prepared in PyMOL and parameterized with AutoDock Tools. Molecular docking was performed in AutoDock Vina with a 100-time repetition for each ligand-target interaction. The results show that the hydrogen bonds with amino acids of importance in HMG-CoA reductase are ASN 658, ARG 590, and GLU 559. Protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid presented lower affinity energy (ΔG°). The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the molecules with the best pharmacodynamic interaction were analyzed with the SwissADME and pkCSM servers, showing that protocatechuic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, p-coumaric and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids have the best physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profile. Therefore, this study gives us a clearer idea of the action of polyphenols on HMG-CoA reductase, which will allow obtaining new drug candidates for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

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“…Atherosclerosis is thought, at least in part, to be an inflammatory mechanism caused by free radicals [8,9]. In addition to this, B[a]P was shown to stimulate formation of ROS and promote the progression of atherosclerosis [10,11]. Mechanisms that are redox-sensitive are used to monitor various inflammatory genes and related transcription factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kirenol Inhibits B[a]P‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells via Modulation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Rajendran

Ahmed

Veeraraghavan

2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Atherosclerosis is a persistent inflammatory disorder specified by the dysfunction of the arteries, the world’s leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. We sought to determine the effectiveness of KRL in B[a]P-induced oxidative stress and programmed cell death in endothelial cells. Western blotting, real-time PCR, DCFH2-DA, and TUNEL staining were performed to detect pPI3K, pAKT, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, Bcl2, Bax, and caspase-3 on the HUVECs. Through the pretreatment of KRL, a drastic enhancement was observed in the cell viability of HUVECs, whereas DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species induced by B[a]P was suppressed. KRL’s potential use as an antioxidant was observed to have a direct correlation with an antioxidant gene’s augmented expression and the nuclear translocation activation of Nrf2, even during the event when B[a]P was found to be absent. In addition, this study proved that the signaling cascades of PI3K/AKT mediated Nrf2 translocation. Activation of suppressed nuclear Nrf2 and reduced antioxidant genes across cells interacting with an LY294002 confirmed this phenomenon. In addition, knockdown of Nrf2 by Nrf2-siRNA transfection abolished the protective effects of KRL on HUVECs cells against oxidative damage. Finally, the expression of apoptotic proteins also supported the hypothesis that KRL may inhibit endothelial dysfunction. This study showed that KRL potentially prevents B[a]P-induced redox imbalance in the vascular endothelium by inducing the Nrf2 signaling via the PI3K/AKT pathway.

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Atherosclerosis and carcinoma: Two facets of dysfunctional cholesterol homeostasis

Cited by 7 publications

References 107 publications

Advances in the Bioactivities of Phytochemical Saponins in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Advances in the Bioactivities of Phytochemical Saponins in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

In silico Analysis of the Polyphenolic Metabolites of Zea mays L. "Purple Corn" on HMG-CoA Reductase

Kirenol Inhibits B[a]P‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells via Modulation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

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