Atherosclerosis: pathogenesis and pathology

Wang, Tao; Palucci, Daniel; Law, Kelsey B.; Yanagawa, Bobby; Yam, Jennifer; Butany, Jagdish

doi:10.1016/j.mpdhp.2012.09.004

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is characterized by the progressive formation and rupture of plaques in the arterial wall associated with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction . These plaques often originate as a result of injury to the endothelium, which can be caused by risk factors such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and smoking . Once injured, the ECs begin exhibiting an inflammatory phenotype, recruiting macrophages to the area and expressing endothelial adhesion molecules.…”

Section: Nanoparticles For Vascular‐targeting In Atherosclerotic Plaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammation is an immune response that becomes unregulated and exaggerated during atherosclerosis. Specifically, lipid accumulation promotes the overexpression of adhesion receptors by endothelial cells that leads to the recruitment of platelets, leukocytes, and smooth muscle cells . Therefore, decorating the nanoparticle surface with ligands/antibodies specific for an overexpressed inflammatory molecule in atherosclerosis has been widely implemented as a targeting approach (see Figure ).…”

Section: Nanoparticles For Vascular‐targeting In Atherosclerotic Plaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Vascular‐targeted nanocarriers: design considerations and strategies for successful treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases

Kelley

Safari

Lopez-Cazares

et al. 2016

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vascular-targeted nanocarriers are an attractive option for the treatment of a number of cardiovascular diseases, as they allow for more specific delivery and increased efficacy of many small molecule drugs. However, immune clearance, limited cellular uptake, and particle-cell dynamics in blood flow can hinder nanocarrier efficacy in many applications. This review aims to investigate successful strategies for the use of vascular-targeted nanocarriers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In particular, the review will highlight strategies employed for actively targeting the components of the atherosclerotic plaque, including endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets and passive targeting via endothelial permeability, as well as design specifications (such as size, shape, and density) aimed at enhancing the ability of nanocarriers to reach the vascular wall.

show abstract

Section: Nanoparticles For Vascular‐targeting In Atherosclerotic Plaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanoparticles For Vascular‐targeting In Atherosclerotic Plaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular‐targeted nanocarriers: design considerations and strategies for successful treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases

Kelley

Safari

Lopez-Cazares

et al. 2016

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…260 In humans, atherosclerosis increases with age, and atherosclerosis of coronary arteries is the most common cause of cardiac deaths and congestive heart failure among elderly humans. 273,274 The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still not completely elucidated. Current understanding is that it is the result of complex processes involving endothelial damage, inflammation, dyslipidemias, and changes in arterial intercellular matrix.…”

Section: Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current understanding is that it is the result of complex processes involving endothelial damage, inflammation, dyslipidemias, and changes in arterial intercellular matrix. 230,273,274 Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemias contribute to the initial endothelial damage as well as to subsequent events in the progression of the disease. Figure 16.…”

Section: Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pathology of Aging Great Apes

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) are our closest relatives. Despite the many similarities, there are significant differences in aging among apes, including the human ape. Common to all are dental attrition, periodontitis, tooth loss, osteopenia, and arthritis, although gout is uniquely human and spondyloarthropathy is more prevalent in apes than humans. Humans are more prone to frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, longevity past reproductive senescence, loss of brain volume, and Alzheimer dementia. Cerebral vascular disease occurs in both humans and apes. Cardiovascular disease mortality increases in aging humans and apes, but coronary atherosclerosis is the most significant type in humans. In captive apes, idiopathic myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyopathy predominate, with arteriosclerosis of intramural coronary arteries. Similar cardiac lesions are occasionally seen in wild apes. Vascular changes in heart and kidneys and aortic dissections in gorillas and bonobos suggest that hypertension may be involved in pathogenesis. Chronic kidney disease is common in elderly humans and some aging apes and is linked with cardiovascular disease in orangutans. Neoplasms common to aging humans and apes include uterine leiomyomas in chimpanzees, but other tumors of elderly humans, such as breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers, are uncommon in apes. Among the apes, chimpanzees have been best studied in laboratory settings, and more comparative research is needed into the pathology of geriatric zoo-housed and wild apes. Increasing longevity of humans and apes makes understanding aging processes and diseases imperative for optimizing quality of life in all the ape species.

show abstract

“…We accept that screening for thrombophilia is generally not advocated in the next of kin of victims of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolus [4], but a finding of antiphospholipid antibodies in the deceased could lend further weight for not testing for other predisposing causes in family members. The risk factors for atherosclerosis are multiple and the pathogenesis is not yet fully resolved [5]. Thus, we suggest that the possibility of a contribution from antiphospholipid syndrome should be considered, if only to be excluded.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%