Atlantic salmon challenged with extracellular products from Moritella viscosa

MacKinnon, Brett; Groman, David B.; Fast, Mark D.; Manning, Anthony J.; Jones, Patti; St‐Hilaire, Sophie

doi:10.3354/dao03337

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The influence of extracellular products on disease state has been observed with aquatic pathogens in vitro as has been reported with numerous bacteria including: F. psychrophilum [ 237 ], Pasteurella piscicida [ 238 ], A. salmonicida [ 239 , 240 , 241 ], and Moritella viscosa [ 242 , 243 ]. Furthermore, these observations have been translated to in vivo studies as was observed when infecting Atlantic salmon with M. viscosa [ 244 ] or when exposing rainbow trout to the extracellular products of A. salmonicida [ 245 ]. Interestingly, the conditioned media of F. psychrophilum alone has been shown to stimulate cytokine proinflammatory transcript levels in rainbow trout immune cells and to significantly inhibit their early phagocytic activity [ 237 ].…”

Section: Current Methods Of Bacterial Disease Prevention In Aquacumentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonid Antibacterial Immunity: An Aquaculture Perspective

Semple

Dixon

2020

Biology

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The aquaculture industry is continuously threatened by infectious diseases, including those of bacterial origin. Regardless of the disease burden, aquaculture is already the main method for producing fish protein, having displaced capture fisheries. One attractive sector within this industry is the culture of salmonids, which are (a) uniquely under pressure due to overfishing and (b) the most valuable finfish per unit of weight. There are still knowledge gaps in the understanding of fish immunity, leading to vaccines that are not as effective as in terrestrial species, thus a common method to combat bacterial disease outbreaks is the use of antibiotics. Though effective, this method increases both the prevalence and risk of generating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To facilitate vaccine design and/or alternative treatment efforts, a deeper understanding of the teleost immune system is essential. This review highlights the current state of teleost antibacterial immunity in the context of salmonid aquaculture. Additionally, the success of current techniques/methods used to combat bacterial diseases in salmonid aquaculture will be addressed. Filling the immunology knowledge gaps highlighted here will assist in reducing aquaculture losses in the future.

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Section: Current Methods Of Bacterial Disease Prevention In Aquacumentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonid Antibacterial Immunity: An Aquaculture Perspective

Semple

Dixon

2020

Biology

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“…Variant M. viscosa has been isolated from Atlantic salmon reared in Canada [ 2 , 3 ]. There are a few published studies on skin ulcerative diseases in Atlantic salmon, but less is known about it on Canada’s east coast [ 4 , 5 ]. The Atlantic salmon industry attempts to prevent or control bacterial outbreaks using vaccines [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemato-Immunological Response of Immunized Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Moritella viscosa Challenge and Antigens

Ghasemieshkaftaki,

Cao,

Hossain

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Winter ulcer disease is a health issue in the Atlantic salmonid aquaculture industry, mainly caused by Moritella viscosa. Although vaccination is one of the effective ways to prevent bacterial outbreaks in the salmon farming industry, ulcer disease related to bacterial infections is being reported on Canada’s Atlantic coast. Here, we studied the immune response of farmed immunized Atlantic salmon to bath and intraperitoneal (ip) M. viscosa challenges and evaluated the immunogenicity of M. viscosa cell components. IgM titers were determined after infection, post boost immunization, and post challenge with M. viscosa. IgM+ (B cell) in the spleen and blood cell populations were also identified and quantified by 3,3 dihexyloxacarbocyanine (DiOC6) and IgM-Texas red using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. At 14 days post challenge, IgM was detected in the serum and spleen. There was a significant increase in circulating neutrophils 3 days after ip and bath challenges in the M. viscosa outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) boosted group compared to non-boosted. Lymphocytes increased in the blood at 7 and 14 days after the ip and bath challenges, respectively, in OMVs boosted group. Furthermore, a rise in IgM titers was detected in the OMVs boosted group. We determined that a commercial vaccine is effective against M. viscosa strain, and OMVs are the most immunogenic component of M. viscosa cells.

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“…Skin-ulcer disease in Atlantic salmon is relatively unexplored, and there is limited published data on this disease in Atlantic salmon on the east coast of Canada [ 13 , 14 ]. Salmon farmers report that skin ulcers in sea-cages can progress very fast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmon farmers report that skin ulcers in sea-cages can progress very fast. At first, fish may only have laterally raised scales, and after a few days, they die with a single large circular ulcerative lesion of several centimeters in diameter [ 14 ]. Actually, in Atlantic Canada, “summer” skin ulcers in Atlantic salmon lead to significant mortality rates and economic losses [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Novel Vibrio sp. Isolated from an Ulcer Disease Event in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

et al. 2023

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Ulcer diseases are a recalcitrant issue at Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture cage-sites across the North Atlantic region. Classical ulcerative outbreaks (also called winter ulcer disease) refer to a skin infection caused by Moritella viscosa. However, several bacterial species are frequently isolated from ulcer disease events, and it is unclear if other undescribed pathogens are implicated in ulcer disease in Atlantic salmon. Although different polyvalent vaccines are used against M. viscosa, ulcerative outbreaks are continuously reported in Atlantic salmon in Canada. This study analyzed the phenotypical and genomic characteristics of Vibrio sp. J383 isolated from internal organs of vaccinated farmed Atlantic salmon displaying clinical signs of ulcer disease. Infection assays conducted on vaccinated farmed Atlantic salmon and revealed that Vibrio sp. J383 causes a low level of mortalities when administered intracelomic at doses ranging from 107–108 CFU/dose. Vibrio sp. J383 persisted in the blood of infected fish for at least 8 weeks at 10 and 12 °C. Clinical signs of this disease were greatest 12 °C, but no mortality and bacteremia were observed at 16 °C. The Vibrio sp. J383 genome (5,902,734 bp) has two chromosomes of 3,633,265 bp and 2,068,312 bp, respectively, and one large plasmid of 201,166 bp. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses indicated that Vibrio sp. J383 is related to V. splendidus, with 93% identity. Furthermore, the phenotypic analysis showed that there were significant differences between Vibrio sp. J383 and other Vibrio spp, suggesting J383 is a novel Vibrio species adapted to cold temperatures.

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Atlantic salmon challenged with extracellular products from Moritella viscosa

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Salmonid Antibacterial Immunity: An Aquaculture Perspective

Salmonid Antibacterial Immunity: An Aquaculture Perspective

Haemato-Immunological Response of Immunized Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Moritella viscosa Challenge and Antigens

Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Novel Vibrio sp. Isolated from an Ulcer Disease Event in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

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