Atmospheric Brightness Temperature Fluctuations in the Resonance Absorption Band of Water Vapor 18–27.2 GHz

Remote Monitoring of Atmospheric and Hydrophysical Characteristics of the Water Surface Based on Microwave Radiometric Measurements

“…The presence in the microwave spectrum of areas of resonant absorption of water vapor and oxygen determines the fundamental ability to estimate integrated meteorological parameters: the total mass of water vapor in the atmosphere Q and the water content of clouds W, to solve the problem of restoring vertical profiles of temperature, water content, humidity, etc. At the same time, the zones of possible rainfall can be easily identified by different temperature contrasts in the studied areas [3,5,9,10].…”

“…The expression for the radio-brightness temperature of the "ocean-atmosphere" system in the absence of precipitation, taking into account the ascending T ↑ b and descending T ↓ b radiation of the atmosphere and the intrinsic radiation of the surface, attenuated by the atmosphere, has the form [3,9,10]:…”

“…The possibilities of joint determination of the parameters Q, W, and T cl are considered in [1,3,[9][10][11]. Estimates of the accuracy of determining these parameters can be found in [9][10][11].…”

“…The main hydrophysical parameters of the water system are surface temperature T, salinity S, and wave intensity related to wind speed V. Methods for remote determination of these parameters are considered in [3,8,9,14,15].…”

“…The present work mainly focuses on the remote radio-physical methods related to the atmospheric radio transparency that is the main advantage of the microwave radiometric method compared to the optical and infrared methods [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”