Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics

Grein, Michaela; Oehm, Christoph; Konrad, Wilfried; Utescher, Torsten; Kunzmann, Lutz; Roth‐Nebelsick, Anita

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.12.025

Cited by 46 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This vegetation change and the climate deterioration has been predicted by Zachos et al (2001), who call it as Mi-1 glacial event at the Oligocene-Miocene transition. Grein et al (2013) noted, basing on study of stomatal density, cooling and high sesonality for Kleinsaubernitz and Bockwitz/Borna-Ost while temperatures increase towards the Oligocene/Miocene boundary (Witznitz), which corresponds to increase in number of months in the growing season (9, 7 vs 11). The fluctuation of sesonality is traceable also in our CLAMP estimates, when values of mean annual range of temperature (MART) decrease from 23°C (Kleinsaubernitz) to 20.8 °C (Witznitz) -Appendix 7.…”

Section: Discussion On Palaeoenvironmental Trendsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Palaeoenvironmental evaluation of Cainozoic plant assemblages from the Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic) and adjacent Germany

Teodoridis¹,

Kvaček²

2015

Bull. Geosci.

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Section: Discussion On Palaeoenvironmental Trendsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Palaeoenvironmental evaluation of Cainozoic plant assemblages from the Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic) and adjacent Germany

Teodoridis¹,

Kvaček²

2015

Bull. Geosci.

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“…Close investigation of the environment–guard cell size–genome size relationships may allow further improvements in these predictions. Although older methods for predicting palaeo-CO 2 from stomata employed the abundance of stomata (either as stomatal index or, less frequently, as stomatal density) and may be biased by the effects of changes in stomatal size on gas exchange, more recent models incorporate stomatal size (Grein et al ., 2013; Franks et al ., 2014). The presence of strong environmental adaptation in stomatal size leads to optimism with regard to the more advanced uses of fossil stomata as proxies for past atmospheric CO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the size and abundance of stomata are important because together they determine the maximum capacity of leaves to absorb CO 2 . This intimate link to the uptake of CO 2 means that stomata are not only pivotal in terrestrial primary productivity, but can also be used (when fossilized) to estimate how atmospheric CO 2 has changed through time (Royer, 2001; Grein et al ., 2013). Recent work has shown that the size of stomata is important for whole-plant function because the geometry of stomata combined with constraints on how many stomata can be packed into an area of leaf means that leaves with large stomata tend to have lower maximum capacity to absorb CO 2 (Franks & Beerling, 2009; Brodribb et al ., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental adaptation in stomatal size independent of the effects of genome size

et al. 2014

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Cell sizes are linked across multiple tissues, including stomata, and this variation is closely correlated with genome size. These associations raise the question of whether generic changes in cell size cause suboptimal changes in stomata, requiring subsequent evolution under selection for stomatal size. We tested the relationships among guard cell length, genome size and vegetation type using phylogenetically independent analyses on 67 species of the ecologically and structurally diverse family, Proteaceae. We also compared how genome and stomatal sizes varied at ancient (among genera) and more recent (within genus) levels. The observed 60-fold range in genome size in Proteaceae largely reflected the mean chromosome size. Compared with variation among genera, genome size varied much less within genera (< 6% of total variance) than stomatal size, implying evolution in stomatal size subsequent to changes in genome size. Open vegetation and closed forest had significantly different relationships between stomatal and genome sizes. Ancient changes in genome size clearly influenced stomatal size in Proteaceae, but adaptation to habitat strongly modified the genome–stomatal size relationship. Direct adaptation to the environment in stomatal size argues that new proxies for past concentrations of atmospheric CO2 that incorporate stomatal size are superior to older models based solely on stomatal frequency.

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“…This has been the case for some Cenozoic pCO 2 reconstructions, where, for example, estimates for Late Eocene and Early and Late Oligocene pCO 2 , although broadly comparable quantitatively, do not always agree on pCO 2 trends through time (see Roth-Nebelsick et al, 2012;Grein et al, 2013;Steinthorsdottir et al, 2016a). Part of the issue here may be that the optimization model of Konrad et al (2008Konrad et al ( , 2017 requires calibrating pCO 2 using multiple contemporaneous (overlapping) species to derive a best estimate of pCO 2 , making it difficult to compare to singlespecies databases.…”

Section: Insights From Stomatal-pco 2 Model Cross-comparison Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Paleoecology, Ploidy, Paleoatmospheric Composition, and Developmental Biology: A Review of the Multiple Uses of Fossil Stomata

McElwain

2017

Plant Physiol.

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-1729-6755 (J.C.M.); 0000-0002-7893-1142 (M.S.).The presence of stomata is a diagnostic trait of all living and extinct land plants with the exception of liverworts. They are preserved widely in the fossil record from anatomically pristine stomatal complexes on permineralized and charcoalified stems of the earliest land plants dating back .400 million years to isolated guard cell pairs in quaternary aged palynological samples. Detailed study of fossil stomatal complexes has been used to track the evolution of genome size and to reconstruct atmospheric composition, to circumscribe new species to science, and to bring ancient landscapes to life by providing both habitat information and insights on fossil plant ecophysiological function and life form. This review explores how fossil stomata can be used to advance our understanding of plant, environment, and atmospheric evolution over the Phanerozoic. We compare the utility of qualitative (e.g. presence/absence of stomatal crypts) versus quantitative stomatal traits (e.g. amphistomaty ratio) in paleoecological reconstructions. A case study on Triassic-Jurassic Ginkgoales is provided to highlight the methodological difficulty of teasing apart the effect of genome size, ploidy, and environment on guard cell size evolution across mass extinction boundaries. We critique both empirical and mechanistic stomatal-based models for paleoCO 2 reconstruction and highlight some key limitations and advantages of both approaches. Finally, we question if different stomatal developmental pathways have ecophysiological consequence for leaf gas exchange and ultimately the application of different stomatal-based CO 2 proxy methods. We conclude that most studies currently only capture a fraction of the potential invaluable information that can be gleaned from fossilized stomata and highlight future approaches to their study that better integrate across the disciplinary boundaries of paleobotany, developmental biology, paleoecology, and plant physiology.The fossil record of land plants (embryophytes) dates back unequivocally to the Middle Ordovician (;460 million years ago [mya]). This is supported by the presence of spore tetrads contained within an enveloping sporangium (Wellman et al., 2003). Since Wellman's discovery, the fossil spore record has revealed older and older spores of various morphologies (naked, enveloped) and configurations (singular, paired, etc.) that may eventually push back even further the accepted date of the oldest land plant (Wellman and Strother, 2015). This early phase in land plant evolution is complex to interpret, however, since no stomata have been discovered so far on the earliest fossilized land plants, suggesting perhaps that they may have been absent, as is the case for the early land plants' algal predecessors. As soon as sheets of fossilized cuticle with true stomata started to appear in Siluran aged (443-419 mya) sediment samples, our ability to taxonomically separate charophyacean algae from land plants based on fragmentary foss...

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Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics

Cited by 46 publications

References 72 publications

Palaeoenvironmental evaluation of Cainozoic plant assemblages from the Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic) and adjacent Germany

Palaeoenvironmental evaluation of Cainozoic plant assemblages from the Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic) and adjacent Germany

Environmental adaptation in stomatal size independent of the effects of genome size

Paleoecology, Ploidy, Paleoatmospheric Composition, and Developmental Biology: A Review of the Multiple Uses of Fossil Stomata

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