Atmospheric effects on satellite-mediated continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Zuo, Zhiyue; Wang, Yijun; Huang, Duan; Guo, Ying

doi:10.1088/1751-8121/abc220

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the free space atmospheric channel, it is the atmospheric turbulence that causes the spiral spatial phase structure of the OAM beam to change, so that crosstalk occurs between different OAM modes, and as a result, an additional crosstalk noise is introduced. For the orthogonal field phase used for information encoding, atmospheric turbulence will also cause disturbance, which will also introduce an additional noise [ 43 ]. Fortunately, an existing study has shown that this phase disturbance can be eliminated by phase compensation [ 44 ].…”

Section: Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Rate Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing

Ruan

Shi

Chen

et al. 2021

Entropy

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The secret key rate is one of the main obstacles to the practical application of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). In this paper, we propose a multiplexing scheme to increase the secret key rate of the CVQKD system with orbital angular momentum (OAM). The propagation characteristics of a typical vortex beam, involving the Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam, are analyzed in an atmospheric channel for the Kolmogorov turbulence model. Discrete modulation is utilized to extend the maximal transmission distance. We show the effect of the transmittance of the beam over the turbulent channel on the secret key rate and the transmission distance. Numerical simulations indicate that the OAM multiplexing scheme can improve the performance of the CVQKD system and hence has potential use for practical high-rate quantum communications.

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Section: Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Rate Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing

Ruan

Shi

Chen

et al. 2021

Entropy

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“…The elements of µ and Σ in the uplink case are listed in Appendix A. Based on µ and Σ, we can derive the PDT of the uplink channel through the Monte Carlo method [29], and then obtain the statistical parameters of T. Note that the simulation parameters of the work (as shown in Table 1) are the same as our previous work so that the numerical analysis of transmittance vs. zenith angle can refer to [21]. Subsequently, we demonstrate the performance of the uplink CV-QKD protocol.…”

Section: Uplink Cv-qkdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical analysis reveals the favorable of downlink for communication, while illustrating the urgency of an enhancement scheme for the uplink case. Note that the maximum secret key rate (ζ = 0 • ) of the downlink at 100 km is lower than that of the uplink because the fiber coupling problem is more severe in the downlink scenario [21].…”

Section: Uplink Cv-qkdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As has been pointed out, the secret key rate in uplink is less than one order of magnitude compared with the downlink scenario [19]. Despite the inferior performance compared with that of the downlink, the uplink CV-QKD is also of great value owing to the simple satellite structure, the variability of quantum sources, and the accessibility for maintenance repair [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noiseless Attenuation for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution over Ground-Satellite Uplink

Yin

Wang

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Satellite-based quantum key distribution (QKD) has lately received considerable attention due to its potential to establish a secure global network. Associated with its application is a turbulent atmosphere that sets a notable restriction to the transmission efficiency, which is especially challenging for ground-to-satellite uplink scenarios. Here, we propose a novel noiseless attenuation (NA) scheme involving a zero-photon catalysis operation for source preparation to improve the performance of continuous-variable (CV) QKD over uplink. Numerical analysis shows that the NA-based CV-QKD, under attenuation optimization, outperforms the traditional CV-QKD, which is embodied in extending the allowable zenith angle while improving the effective communication time. Attributing to characteristics of the attenuation optimization, we find that the NA-involved source preparation improves the security bound by relatively reducing the amount of information available to eavesdroppers. Taking the finite-size effect into account, we achieve a tighter bond of security, which is more practical compared with the asymptotic limit.

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“…The main challenge faced in satellite-based quantum communications is the degradation of the signal as it is transmitted through the turbulent atmosphere of Earth [13]- [15], a degradation that is almost always larger than the noise introduced by the components used [16], [17]. It is well documented that uplink satellite laser communications is considerably more challenging compared to downlink satellite transmission: the turbulent eddies in the Earth's atmosphere have a more disruptive effect in the uplink channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Uplink Quantum Communication With Satellites via Downlink Channels

Villaseñor

Wang

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Quantum Eng.

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In developing the global Quantum Internet, quantum communication with low-Earth-orbit satellites will play a pivotal role. Such communication will need to be two way: effective not only in the satellite-to-ground (downlink) channel but also in the ground-to-satellite channel (uplink). Given that losses on this latter channel are significantly larger relative to the former, techniques that can exploit the superior downlink to enhance quantum communication in the uplink should be explored. In this work we do just that -explore how continuous variable entanglement in the form of two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) states can be used to significantly enhance the fidelity of ground-to-satellite quantum-state transfer relative to direct uplink-transfer. More specifically, through detailed phase-screen simulations of beam evolution through turbulent atmospheres in both the downlink and uplink channels, we demonstrate how a TMSV teleportation channel, created by the satellite, can be used to dramatically improve the fidelity of uplink coherent-state transfer relative to direct transfer. We then show how this, in turn, leads to the uplink-transmission of a higher alphabet of coherent states. Additionally, we show how non-Gaussian operations, acting on the received component of the TMSV state at the ground station, can lead to even further enhancement. Since TMSV states can readily be produced in situ on a satellite platform and form a reliable teleportation channel for most quantum states, our work suggests that future satellites forming part of the emerging Quantum Internet should be designed with uplink-communication via TMSV teleportation in mind.

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Atmospheric effects on satellite-mediated continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

High-Rate Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing

High-Rate Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing

Noiseless Attenuation for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution over Ground-Satellite Uplink

Enhanced Uplink Quantum Communication With Satellites via Downlink Channels

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