Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica

Masclin, S.; Frey, M. M.; Rogge, Wolfgang F.; Bales, R. C.

doi:10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Data from SP, SY, NM, and HA were retrieved from the WMO World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/wdcgg/ cgi-bin/wdcgg) and updated with data from individual investigators. More details on data from the South Pole can be found in McClure-Begley et al (2014). Details on ozone data from Syowa can also be found at http://ds.data.jma.go.…”

Section: Sites and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d’Urville, 2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica

Legrand¹,

Preunkert²,

Savarino³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Surface ozone has been measured since 2004 at the coastal East Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville (DDU) and since 2007 at the Concordia station located on the high East Antarctic plateau. This paper discusses long-term trends, seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as inter-annual summer variability observed at these two East Antarctic sites. At Concordia, near surface ozone data were complemented by balloon soundings and compared to similar measurements done at the South Pole. The DDU record is compared to those obtained at the coastal site of Syowa also located in East Antarctica, as well as the coastal sites of Neumayer and Halley, both located at the coast of the Weddell Sea in West Antarctica. Surface ozone mixing ratios exhibit very similar seasonal cycle at Concordia and the South Pole. However, in summer the diurnal cycle and the vertical distribution of ozone above the snow surface are different at the two sites with a drop of ozone in the afternoon at Concordia and not at the South Pole, and a far well-mixed rich ozone layer within the lower 250 m at Concordia than at the South Pole during sunlight hours. These differences are related to different solar radiation and wind regimes encountered at these two inland sites. DDU appears to be the coastal site where the impact of the late winter/spring bromine chemistry is the weakest, but where the impact of NOx snow emissions from the high Antarctic plateau is the highest. The highest impact of the bromine chemistry is seen at Halley and Neumayer, and to a lesser extent at Syowa. These three sites are only weakly impacted by the NOx chemistry and the net ozone production occurring on the high Antarctic plateau. The differences in late winter/spring are attributed to the abundance of sea-ice offshore the sites whereas those in summer are related to the topography of East Antarctica that promotes the katabatic flow bringing oxidant-rich inland air masses to the site. There appears to be a decreasing trend in summer at the two East Antarctic sites of Concordia and DDU over the most recent period (2004/2007&#8211;2014). Further researches including continuing monitoring are needed at these two sites to better separate effect of synoptic transport from possible change of NOx snow emissions in response to change of the stratospheric ozone layer.

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Section: Sites and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d’Urville, 2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica

Legrand¹,

Preunkert²,

Savarino³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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“…3 and 4). These measurements are made using continuous-flow analysis (CFA) at DRI, following methods adapted from McConnell et al (2002McConnell et al ( , 2007, providing centimeter-scale resolution, which are averaged to the resolution of the isotope records presented here.…”

Section: Comparison Of 17 O To Other Ice Core Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

WAIS Divide ice core suggests sustained changes in the atmospheric formation pathways of sulfate and nitrate since the 19th century in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The 17O excess (Δ17O = δ17O−0.52 × δ18O) of sulfate and nitrate reflects the relative importance of their different production pathways in the atmosphere. A new record of sulfate and nitrate Δ17O spanning the last 2400 years from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core project shows significant changes in both sulfate and nitrate Δ17O in the most recent 200 years, indicating changes in their formation pathways. The sulfate Δ17O record exhibits a 1.1 ‰ increase in the early 19th century from (2.4 ± 0.2) ‰ to (3.5 ± 0.2) ‰, which suggests that an additional 12–18% of sulfate formation occurs via aqueous-phase production by O3, relative to that in the gas phase. Nitrate Δ17O gradually decreases over the whole record, with a more rapid decrease between the mid-19th century and the present day of 5.6 ‰, indicating an increasing importance of RO2 in NOx cycling between the mid-19th century and the present day in the mid- to high-latitude Southern Hemisphere. The former has implications for the climate impacts of sulfate aerosol, while the latter has implications for the tropospheric O3 production rate in remote low-NOx environments. Using other ice core observations, we rule out drivers for these changes other than variability in extratropical oxidant (OH, O3, RO2, H2O2, and reactive halogens) concentrations. However, assuming OH, H2O2, and O3 are the main oxidants contributing to sulfate formation, Monte Carlo box model simulations require a large (≥ 260%) increase in the O3 / OH mole fraction ratio over the Southern Ocean in the early 19th century to match the sulfate Δ17O record. This unlikely scenario points to a~deficiency in our understanding of sulfur chemistry and suggests other oxidants may play an important role in sulfate formation in the mid- to high-latitude marine boundary layer. The observed decrease in nitrate Δ17O since the mid-19th century is most likely due to an increased importance of RO2 over O3 in NOx cycling and can be explained by a 60–90% decrease in the O3 / RO2 mole fraction ratio in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere NOx-source regions.

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“…This similar level of ozone in air masses having a pure marine origin or having traveled over margin regions of the Antarctic continent is consistent with the study from Frey et al (2005) that showed that photochemical ozone production is not large over inland Antarctic regions located below about 2500 m. A more recent study conducted in the interior of West Antarctica at the WAIS Divide (1766 m a.s.l.) also showed that the local ozone production is too small to explain the observed ozone variability and that events with increased surface ozone in summer are systematically linked to rapid (< 3 days) transport off the East Antarctic plateau via katabatic outflow (Masclin et al, 2013). The preceding sequence of changing air mass origin (ocean, Antarctic plateau above 3000 m a.s.l., and coastal regions of the Antarctic continent) was encountered again from 14 to 27 December, with ozone levels of 16.7 ppbv between 14 December in the evening and 17 December in the morning (marine origin, see the grey right arrow in Fig.…”

Section: Ddumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxidative properties of the atmosphere of inland Antarctica were mainly investigated at the South Pole through the ISCAT (Investigation of Sulfur Chemistry in Antarctica) projects in 1998 (Davis et al, 2001) and 2000 , followed by the Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI, project in 2003. Studies of oxidants in the atmospheric boundary layer including ozone were also carried out in summer above the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) as part of scientific overland traverses (Frey et al, 2005) and deep ice core drilling at WAIS Divide (Masclin et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d'Urville, 2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Surface ozone has been measured since 2004 at the coastal East Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville (DDU), and since 2007 at the Concordia station located on the high East Antarctic plateau. This paper discusses long-term changes, seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as inter-annual summer variability observed at these two East Antarctic sites. At Concordia, near-surface ozone data were complemented by balloon soundings and compared to similar measurements done at the South Pole. The DDU record is compared to those obtained at the coastal site of Syowa, also located in East Antarctica, as well as the coastal sites of Neumayer and Halley, both located on the coast of the Weddell Sea in West Antarctica. Surface ozone mixing ratios exhibit very similar seasonal cycles at Concordia and the South Pole. However, in summer the diurnal cycle of ozone is different at the two sites with a drop of ozone in the afternoon at Concordia but not at the South Pole. The vertical distribution of ozone above the snow surface also differs. When present, the ozone-rich layer located near the ground is better mixed and deeper at Concordia (up to 400 m) than at the South Pole during sunlight hours. These differences are related to different solar radiation and wind regimes encountered at these two inland sites. DDU appears to be the coastal site where the impact of the late winter/spring bromine chemistry is the weakest, but where the impact of elevated ozone levels caused by NOx snow emissions from the high Antarctic plateau is the highest. The highest impact of the bromine chemistry is seen at Halley and Neumayer, and to a lesser extent at Syowa. These three sites are only weakly impacted by the NOx chemistry and the net ozone production occurring on the high Antarctic plateau. The differences in late winter/spring are attributed to the abundance of sea ice offshore from the sites, whereas those in summer are related to the topography of East Antarctica that promotes the katabatic flow bringing oxidant-rich inland air masses to the site. There appears to be a decreasing change in summer surface ozone at the two East Antarctic sites of Concordia and DDU over the most recent period (2004–2014 and 2007–2014). Further research, including continued monitoring, is needed at these two sites to better separate the effect of synoptic transport from possible change of NOx snow emissions in response to recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer leading to penetration of more UV radiation to the surface.

show abstract

Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica

Cited by 14 publications

References 79 publications

Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d’Urville, 2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica

Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d’Urville, 2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica

WAIS Divide ice core suggests sustained changes in the atmospheric formation pathways of sulfate and nitrate since the 19th century in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere

Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d'Urville, 2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica

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