Atmospheric Polycyclic and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Iron-manufacturing City

Abstract

Total suspended particulates (TSP) in the atmosphere were collected for 2 weeks during winter in Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan, a typical iron-manufacturing city. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in TSP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence and chemiluminescence detectors, respectively. No relationship was observed between the atmospheric PAH and NPAH concentration, or the atmospheric PAH and TSP concentration. However, there was a tendency that the atmospheric PAH concentration was higher when the wind blew from the coke-oven plant. Furthermore, the concentration ratios of 1-nitropyrene to pyrene, which is a suitable indicator of the contribution made by automobiles and coal combustion systems to urban air particulates, were smaller in Muroran and the values were close to those observed in particulates from coal combustion systems. Therefore, these results show that the PAH and NPAH compositions for Muroran are characteristic of an iron-manufacturing city.

Characteristics of PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at A Roadside Air Pollution Monitoring Station in Kanazawa, Japan

“…In this study, for PAHs, Flt, Pyr, BaA, Chr, BbF, BkF, BaP, BgPe and IDP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, consistent with our previous study [16]. For NPAHs, 9-NA, 3-NPhe, 1-NP, 7-NBaA and 6-NBaP were determined by HPLC with chemiluminescence detection, the details of which are consistent with our previous study [17,23].…”

Sources and Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Total Suspended Particles in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia

“…The extracts were washed successively with diluted sodium hydroxide solution, diluted sulfuric acid solution, and water. After the benzene/ethanol solution was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in acetonitrile [7,8,24,25]. Prior to the evaporation, 100 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added for reducing losses of small PAHs which have high vapor pressure.…”

“…Internal standards such as deuterated Nap (Nap- d 8 ), Ace (Ace- d 10 ), Phe (Phe- d 10 ), Pyr (Pyr- d 10 ), BaP (BaP- d 12 ), and DMSO were purchased from Supelco Park (Bellefonte, PA, USA) and Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan), respectively. All organic solvents and other reagents used were of special reagent grade [7,8,24,25,26]. Milli-Q purified water (Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan) was also used in this experiment.…”

“…Aliquots of the solution were then injected into a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system for the quantification of PAHs. Further details on analytical procedures can be found in previous studies [7,8,24]. In this study we analyzed 15 PAHs with 2–6 rings [8,24,25,26,27].…”

“…Further details on analytical procedures can be found in previous studies [7,8,24]. In this study we analyzed 15 PAHs with 2–6 rings [8,24,25,26,27]. The 15 PAHs were naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthene (Ace), fluorene (Fle), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), fluoranthene (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), benz[ a ]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chr), benzo[ b ]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[ k ]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP), dibenz[ a,h ]anthracene (DBA), benzo[ ghi ]perylene (BPe), and indeno[1,2,3- cd ]pyrene (IDP) [7,8,24,27].…”