Atmospheric rivers in high-resolution simulations of the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

Shields, Christine A.; Kiehl, J. T.; Rush, William; Rothstein, M.; Snyder, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110293

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The Community Earth System Model, Version 1.2 (CESM1.2) is a sophisticated Earth system modeling framework that can be applied to deep time paleoclimate periods such as the pre‐PETM and PETM (Kiehl et al., 2021; Rush et al., 2021; Shields et al., 2021). Here, we employ a high‐resolution (∼0.25°) fixed sea surface temperature configuration with coupling between the atmosphere component, CAM5.3 (Community Atmosphere Model, Version 5.3), the land component, CLM4 (Community Land Model, Version 4), and the River Transport Model (RTM) (Lawrence et al., 2011; Neale et al., 2010; Park et al., 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2018). Given the potential influence of orbital configuration on seasonal precipitation patterns and intensity in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g., the monsoons) during the pre‐PETM and PETM (Zeebe & Lourens, 2019), simulations include an orbital configuration that maximizes insolation for NH summers (Shields et al., 2021). The maximum Northern Hemisphere orbit is applied with an obliquity of 24.5°, an eccentricity of 0.06, and a moving vernal equinox of 270°.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High‐paleolatitudes became warmer and experienced stable or increasing rainfall, whereas mid‐to‐low paleolatitudes and continental interiors became warmer and experienced either decreasing precipitation or increasingly episodic or extreme precipitation events (Carmichael et al., 2017, 2018; Hollis et al., 2019). Model results also predict higher temperatures and higher frequency of intense precipitation events during the PETM than in the preceding late Paleocene, especially at low to middle paleolatitudes (Carmichael et al., 2018; Kiehl et al., 2018; Rush et al., 2021; Shields et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Paleotopography, paleobathymetry, and PETM vegetation climate types are taken from the Deep-MIP forcing datasets (Herold et al, 2014;Lunt et al, 2017) with solar and orbital forcings adopted from Kiehl et al (2018). Given the potential influence of orbital configuration on seasonal precipitation patterns and intensity in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g., the monsoons) during the pre-PETM and PETM (Zeebe & Lourens, 2019), simulations include an orbital configuration that maximizes insolation for NH summers (Shields et al, 2021).…”

Section: Cesm12 Simulations and Model Derived Köppen Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Global Changes in Terrestrial Vegetation and Continental Climate During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Korasidis

Wing

Shields

et al. 2022

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Most studies of the response of terrestrial vegetation to climate change during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) have focused on individual sites and sections. To get a broader perspective we compiled published records of terrestrial pollen and spores across the Paleocene‐Eocene transition at 38 sites around the globe. For the 10 sites with quantitative data PETM palynofloras were largely distinct in composition from those in the latest Paleocene or post‐PETM early Eocene. We also inferred paleoclimatic conditions at each site from the distributions of nearest living relatives (NLRs) of fossil pollen taxa among present‐day Köppen climate types. The NLRs of Paleocene high‐paleolatitude palynotaxa are most diverse in cooler climates, whereas the NLRs of PETM taxa are more diverse in warmer, wetter climates. At middle‐paleolatitudes NLRs of Paleocene palynotaxa are most diverse in warm, wet climates, whereas NLRs of PETM palynotaxa are most diverse in warm, seasonally dry climates. In the tropics there is little change from Paleocene to PETM in the climate distributions of NLRs. We compared changes in paleoclimate reconstructed from the Köppen distributions of the NLRs with those simulated from the Community Earth System Model (version CESM1.2). Paleoclimatic changes during the PETM inferred from palynological proxies are mostly consistent with modeled climate changes, including the expansion of temperate climates at the expense of cold climate types at high‐paleolatitudes and the expansion of temperate and tropical climates in middle‐paleolatitudes. Despite this concordance, modeled winter temperatures in continental interiors and high‐paleolatitudes remain colder than those reconstructed from NLR distributions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Cesm12 Simulations and Model Derived Köppen Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Global Changes in Terrestrial Vegetation and Continental Climate During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Korasidis

Wing

Shields

et al. 2022

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, proxy and model reconstructions are in agreement that the early to middle Eocene Arctic and the Antarctic were ice‐free and vegetated (e.g., Contreras et al., 2013; Eberle & Greenwood, 2012; Pross et al., 2012; West et al., 2020), and that a shallower than Holocene poles‐to‐tropics temperature gradient existed in both sea surface and terrestrial temperatures (Bijl et al., 2009; Greenwood & Wing, 1995; Ho & Laepple, 2016; Huber & Caballero, 2011; J. Zhu et al., 2019). A “supercharged” hydrological cycle likely accompanied the globally elevated temperatures (Carmichael et al., 2016), like tropical storms and atmospheric rivers transported moisture from the tropics to higher latitudes (Kiehl et al., 2021; Shields et al., 2021) and increased extreme precipitation events (Carmichael et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Proxy Evidence for High Rainfall and Productivity in the Eocene of Australia

Reichgelt

Greenwood

Steinig

et al. 2022

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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During the early to middle Eocene, a mid‐to‐high latitudinal position and enhanced hydrological cycle in Australia would have contributed to a wetter and “greener” Australian continent where today arid to semi‐arid climates dominate. Here, we revisit 12 southern Australian plant megafossil sites from the early to middle Eocene to generate temperature, precipitation, and seasonality paleoclimate estimates, net primary productivity (NPP), and vegetation type, based on paleobotanical proxies and compare them to early Eocene global climate models. Temperature reconstructions are uniformly subtropical (mean annual, summer, and winter mean temperatures 19–21°C, 25–27°C, and 14–16°C, respectively), indicating that southern Australia was ∼5°C warmer than today, despite a >20° poleward shift from its modern geographic location. Precipitation was less homogeneous than temperature, with mean annual precipitation of ∼60 cm over inland sites and >100 cm over coastal sites. Precipitation may have been seasonal with the driest month receiving 2–7× less than the mean monthly precipitation. Proxy‐model comparison is favorable with a 1,680 ppm CO2 concentration. However, individual proxy reconstructions can disagree with models as well as with each other. In particular, seasonality reconstructions have systemic offsets. NPP estimates were higher than modern, implying a more homogenously “green” southern Australia in the early to middle Eocene when this part of Australia was at 48–64°S and larger carbon fluxes to and from the Australian biosphere. The most similar modern vegetation type is modern‐day eastern Australian subtropical forest, although the distance from coast and latitude may have led to vegetation heterogeneity.

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Large-scale, astronomically paced sediment input to the North Sea Basin during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum

Jin

Kemp

Jolley

et al. 2022

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Atmospheric rivers in high-resolution simulations of the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

Cited by 30 publications

References 58 publications

Global Changes in Terrestrial Vegetation and Continental Climate During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Global Changes in Terrestrial Vegetation and Continental Climate During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Plant Proxy Evidence for High Rainfall and Productivity in the Eocene of Australia

Large-scale, astronomically paced sediment input to the North Sea Basin during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum

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