Atom-Transfer Radical Graft Polymerization Initiated Directly from Silica Applied to Functionalization of Stationary Phases for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in the Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Mode

Hemström, Petrus; Szumski, Michał; Irgum, Knut

doi:10.1021/ac0602874

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Various silica materials including porous silica particles, 1,4,[6][7][11][12][13][14][15][16] silica beads, 2,5,10 silica monolith, 9 and silica capillary 3,8 have been used for such purposes. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was most frequently used in such studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]16 while reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was also sometimes utilized. [11][12][14][15] It is interesting to note that an initiator was attached to organic monolith particles instead of silica, and a polymer layer with ion exchange capability was added by ATRP in a specific study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Stationary Phase Prepared from Ground Silica Monolith Particles by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

Lee¹,

Zaidi²,

Cheong³

2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Silica monolith powders were prepared by a new procedure where ground powders of proper size distribution were obtained without sieving. An initiator was attached to this ground monolith and polystyrene was bound by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to give a new stationary phase. The separation efficiency of this phase was found better than that of the polystyrene bound phase based on conventional silica particles and that of the C18 bound silica monolith powders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Stationary Phase Prepared from Ground Silica Monolith Particles by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

Lee¹,

Zaidi²,

Cheong³

2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…70,2012 原子转移自由基聚合(Atom transfer radical polymerization, ATRP)法具有适用单体种类广泛、聚合条件温和、产物分子量可控等优点 [1～3] . 以 ATRP 法修饰硅球或有机基质表面, 作为色谱固定相具有许多独特优势, 如可形成均匀的聚合物包覆层, 有效地改变载体表面性质; 与传统聚合方法相比较, 能减少溶液聚合的产生 [4] ;…”

Section: 化学学报unclassified

Synthesis of Novel Chiral Stationary Phase Based on Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Click Chemistry

王怀松¹,

彭江涛²,

魏纪平³

et al. 2012

Acta Chim. Sinica

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A novel chiral stationary phase was synthesized via the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click chemistry. In the synthesis, the silane coupling agent 3-(2-bromoisobutyryl)-propyl triethoxysilane (BPE) was chosen as the ATRP initiator and immobized on the porous silica gel. The polymer chains of poly(2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol methacrylate) (pMBMA) were grafted on the silica substrates by surface-initiated ATRP. This "grafting-from" technique was used to synthesize polymers with controllable molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distributions. For immobilizing the chiral selector, azide-modified β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was synthesized and bounded on the pMBMA by click chemistry, which can avoid the side-reactions in the preparation. The materials with different pMBMA chain density and length on the silica gel surface were prepared. Several pharmaceuticals were used to evaluate the enantioseparation ability of the materials under reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The results demonstrate that ATRP can well design the polymer structure, and click chemistry can provide an effective route in the β-CD immobilization for chiral discrimination. It was found that the retention and separation factors of chiral compounds could be improved by adjusting the pMBMA chain density and length on the surface of silica gel.

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“…Fast and uncontrolled polymerization will consume the monomer diffusing through the pores from the pool outside the particles. This leads to a depletion of monomers inside the pores while polymerization at the spherical surface and pore orifices may continue, potentially restricting the access of solvent and analyte molecules to the particle core [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting of silica with sulfobetaine polymers via aqueous reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and its use as a stationary phase in HILIC

Wikberg

Verhage

Viklund³

et al. 2009

J of Separation Science

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Porous silica particles of 3 microm diameter and 100 A nominal pore size were first activated for vinylic polymerization by functionalization with 3-methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS) and thereafter dressed with zwitterionic grafts of the sulfoalkylbetaine type in the "grafting through" fashion by polymerizing 3-(2-(N-methacryloyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonio)propane sulfonate (SPE), using either free radical polymerization or controlled reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). Particles polymerized using RAFT had a lower overall coating which seemed to be more evenly distributed in the pore volume. Both approaches resulted in columns with similar separation properties in HILIC mode.

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Atom-Transfer Radical Graft Polymerization Initiated Directly from Silica Applied to Functionalization of Stationary Phases for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in the Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Mode

Cited by 64 publications

References 45 publications

A New Stationary Phase Prepared from Ground Silica Monolith Particles by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

A New Stationary Phase Prepared from Ground Silica Monolith Particles by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

Synthesis of Novel Chiral Stationary Phase Based on Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Click Chemistry

Grafting of silica with sulfobetaine polymers via aqueous reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and its use as a stationary phase in HILIC

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