Atom transfer radical polymer-modified paper for improvement in protein fixation in paper-based ELISA

Abstract

A newly modified paper-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (P-ELISA) was established by immobilizing more proteins on the paper surface through an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reaction. In addition, introducing graphene oxide (GO) sheets, Au nanoparticles (AuNps) and two primary antibodies (Ab1s) led to signal amplification and cost reduction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-019-0622-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 detection using electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization

“…In general, several techniques have been extensively applied for detecting tumor biomarkers, such as radioimmunoassay [ 6 ], chemiluminescence assay [ 7 ], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ 8 ], metalloimmunoassay [ 9 ], electrophoretic immunoassay [ 10 ], and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) [ 11 ]. Among these, ECL is widely used because of its low cost, speediness, wide range of analytes, and low background signal.…”

Polymer-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

“…Because ELISA requires expensive equipment and a complex washing process, a new paper-based ELISA method was developed in 2010 [3]. Compared to the traditional ELISA method, this paper-based ELISA method is simpler to use and less expensive, but its sensitivity is not high enough [4][5][6]. To overcome the above shortcomings, researchers have also introduced graphene oxide sheets [7][8][9] and gold nanoparticles [10,11] into the traditional ELISA method to amplify the detection signal [12][13][14].…”