Atomic emission spectrometer/spectrograph for the determination of barium in microamounts of diatom ash

Bankston, Donald C.; Fisher, Nicholas S.

doi:10.1021/ac50015a038

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There may also be an equilibrium half-reaction of the form Thus, it would seem that major amounts of an easily ionized element in the emission zone of a dc argon plasma source have the net effect of increasing the analytical sensitivities of the other elements present there, especially those also having low ionization potentials. Indeed, this is confirmed both by the present study and by previous work (18,19,29). Moreover, the enhancement effect of this element is directly proportional to its concentration and the relative ease with which it is ionized.…”

Section: (4)supporting

confidence: 92%

“…It is only in the DCP jet, however, that the plasma is maintained directly by a unidirectional flow of electric current; not indirectly through the medium of electromagnetic induction. An efficient optical system with enhanced linear dispersion and optical resolving power minimizes spectral interferences ( 2 7 ) and, when interfaced with a plasma excitation source, provides a versatiie instrument capable of widely comprehensive multielement analyses of silicate rocks using a single dissolution of each sample (18). Two groups of investigators have already partially achieved this capability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An efficient optical system with enhanced linear dispersion and optical resolving power minimizes spectral interferences (17) and, when interfaced with a plasma excitation source, provides a versatile instrument capable of widely comprehensive multielement analyses of silicate rocks using a single dissolution of each sample (18). Two groups of investigators have already partially achieved this capability, Golightly and Harris (19) used a dc argon plasma jet and a Littrow-mount spectrograph to determine some major and minor elements in a group of USGS standard reference rocks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Major and minor oxide and trace element determination in silicate rocks by direct current plasma optical emission echelle spectrometry

Bankston¹,

Humphris²,

Thompson³

1979

Anal. Chem.

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A technique for the determination of major concentrations of SiOz, AI,O,, Fe203, MgO, CaO, Na,O, and K,O, minor levels of Ti O,, P,O,, and MnO, and trace concentrations of Ba, Cr,Cu, Ni, Sr, V, and Zn, in semi-microsamples (200 mg) of powdered whole rock, is described. Chemically diverse standard reference rocks are used both for calibration and assessment of accuracy. A lithium metaborate fusion melt of each standard or sample is dissolved in dilute HNO, containing CS+ at a level of 0.2% (w/v). The resulting solution is used to perform all analyses except those for NapO and K20, which are determined in a portion of the original sample solution wherein the Cs' concentration has been raised to 0.32% (w/v). Analyses of both portions of each sample solution are performed using an optical emission spectrometerhpectrograph equipped with an echelle monochromator and a dc argon plasma excitation source. Trace element detection limits ranged from 2 ppm for Cu to 15 ppm for Zn. A study of precision based on replicate determinations in three splits of the proposed USGS reference basalt BHVO-1 yielded the following results: (1) For analyses of the major and minor oxide constituents, values of the percent relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 1 for CaO, to 21 for P,O,. (2) For trace element determinations, values of the RSD ranged from 2 for Cu, to 19 for Zn.Instrumental determinations of the bulk oxide and trace element compositions of silicate rocks of various types are commonly beset by several problems. It often happens that many analyses must be made of each sample unknown, of which only a smail amount is available, and that several of the trace elements are present a t concentrations in the low ppm range. Moreover, since any specimen of rock is a more or less heterogeneous mixture, the representativeness of its analyzed subsample can legitimately be questioned. In addition, the great complexity and variability of the major and minor element constituencies of silicate rocks engender matrix effects.Since 1970, X-ray fluorescence (XRFs) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) have provided the instrumental techniques most widely employed for the analyses of metals and metalloids in geological materials (1,Z). The use of XRFs for this purpose, however, has two principal disadvantages: it is unsuitable for the determination of any trace element for which 2 < io, and, for routine bulk analysis ( S O 2 , Al2O3.FeLO,, MgO. CaO, Na70, K@, TiOL, P205, and MnO) and /or

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Section: (4)supporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major and minor oxide and trace element determination in silicate rocks by direct current plasma optical emission echelle spectrometry

Bankston¹,

Humphris²,

Thompson³

1979

Anal. Chem.

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“…Commeau, u.s. Geological Survey, oral communication, 1979), that of atomic absorption is 10 ppm (Winefordner, 1976), and that of neutron activation analysis is 10 ppm (Ward, 1978). However, variations in emission intensity have been attributed to matrix effects including effects caused by refractory-component formers in the arc, the amount of solids introduced, bac kground emission levels, the portion of plasma selected for imaging on the photodetector, and spectral ~nterferences (Bankston and Fisher, 1977;Skogerboe andUrasa, 1978: Johnson andothers, 1979). Geological matrices may range from nearly pure Si0 2 and CaCO to aluminosilicates, and all combinations of these end members 3 exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of barium in sediments

Manheim¹,

Bowker²

1980

Open-File Report

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“…It should be noted that the signal of the FAFS system (wavelength modulated) consisted of the sum of atomic fluorescence and atomic emission.The DCPAES (Spectraspan II) system also has been described by the commercial supplier, Spectrametrics, Inc., and by others who have used the equipment. The Spectraspan II was modified in this study by the replacement of the Spectrajet II plasma (15,16) source with the recently designed Spectrajet III. The instrumental parameters and source conditions are listed in Table I.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison study of four atomic spectrometric methods for the determination of metallic constituents in orange juice

McHard¹,

Foulk²,

Nikdel³

et al. 1979

Anal. Chem.

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Metal constituents in orange juice have been determined by four atomic spectral methods-flame atomic absorption spectrometry, flame atomic emission/fluorescence spectrometry, dc plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Substantial differences between methods were observed with regard to speed, convenience, precision, detection limits, and interpretation of analytical calibration curves near the detection limits. In general, however, all atomic spectral methods used in the comparison gave plausible agreement in the values obtained. Some of the present authors (1) have previously published a study on the use of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) to determine several elements in orange juice. Since the time of that publication, direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCPAES) and inductively coupled atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES) have become increasingly popular as sources for atomic emission spectrometry (2-8), and interest is growing in flame atomic fluorescence spectrometry (FAFS) as better instrumentation becomes available (9-12). It seemed of timely interest to compare the measurement of trace metals in a practical analytical problem such as the analysis of orange juice using these atomic spectral methods and to compare the results with already published values obtained by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In this paper, the authors compare values obtained by DCPAES, ICPAES, and FAFS with those from FAAS.Also in this paper, comparative analytical figures of merit using two sets of replicate samples dissolved on the one hand in dilute hydrochloric acid and on the other in dilute nitric acid are given. EXPERIMENTAL Apparatus. The ICPAES and FAFS systems used in this study have already been described (13,14). It should be noted that the signal of the FAFS system (wavelength modulated) consisted of the sum of atomic fluorescence and atomic emission.The DCPAES (Spectraspan II) system also has been described by the commercial supplier, Spectrametrics, Inc., and by others who have used the equipment. The Spectraspan II was modified in this study by the replacement of the Spectrajet II plasma (15,16) source with the recently designed Spectrajet III. The instrumental parameters and source conditions are listed in Table I. In Table II are listed the wavelengths used for the various elements.Reagents. Analytical grade reagents were used in preparing all standard solutions. Copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc metals were dissolved in acid and diluted to volume. Barium, calcium, potassium, rubidium, and sodium standard solutions were prepared from the dry carbonates. To provide a sample-matching environment for the trace elements-barium, copper, iron, manganese, rubidium, and zinc-a solution was prepared con-

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Atomic emission spectrometer/spectrograph for the determination of barium in microamounts of diatom ash

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Major and minor oxide and trace element determination in silicate rocks by direct current plasma optical emission echelle spectrometry

Major and minor oxide and trace element determination in silicate rocks by direct current plasma optical emission echelle spectrometry

Analysis of barium in sediments

Comparison study of four atomic spectrometric methods for the determination of metallic constituents in orange juice

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