Atomic emission spectroscopy for the on-line monitoring of incineration processes

Timmermans, Eah Eric; Groote, de Fpj Frank; Jonkers, J Jeroen; Gamero, A; Sola, A; Mullen, van der Jjam Joost

doi:10.1016/s0584-8547(03)00017-x

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Though for the purpose of characterizing process gases our instrument was modified to accept gaseous samples as well. Performing a direct gas calibration can be done, though in practice it is limited since only very few of the elements of interest (metals and semimetals) are commercially available as volatile (or gaseous) compounds (Timmermans et al, 2003). In the case of metals there are a few compounds available but they are either very toxic or highly explosive (e.g.…”

Section: Analyte Sensitivity Of Liquid Versus Gaseous Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online elemental analysis of process gases with ICP-OES: A case study on waste wood combustion

et al. 2012

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a b s t r a c tA mobile sampling and measurement system for the analysis of gaseous and liquid samples in the field was developed. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), which is built into a van, was used as detector. The analytical system was calibrated with liquid and/or gaseous standards. It was shown that identical mass flows of either gaseous or liquid standards resulted in identical ICP-OES signal intensities. In a field measurement campaign trace and minor elements in the raw flue gas of a waste wood combustor were monitored. Sampling was performed with a highly transport efficient liquid quench system, which allowed to observe temporal variations in the elemental process gas composition. After a change in feedstock an immediate change of the element concentrations in the flue gas was detected. A comparison of the average element concentrations during the combustion of the two feedstocks showed a high reproducibility for matrix elements that are expected to be present in similar concentrations. On the other hand elements that showed strong differences in their concentration in the feedstock were also represented by a higher concentration in the flue gas. Following the temporal variations of different elements revealed strong correlations between a number of elements, such as chlorine with sodium, potassium and zinc, as well as arsenic with lead, and calcium with strontium.

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Section: Analyte Sensitivity Of Liquid Versus Gaseous Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online elemental analysis of process gases with ICP-OES: A case study on waste wood combustion

et al. 2012

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“…The electron density is deduced from Stark broadening measurements of the H β line [19,20], recorded using a [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The electron temperature could not be measured due to the experimental lack of precision.…”

Section: Optical Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have shown that the TIA could be efficient in applications such as analytical chemistry [13] (in relation also with its ability to create chemically active species), surface treatment [14] and gas treatment [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Gas Heating by a Microwave Plasma Torch

Gadonna¹,

Leroy²,

Leprince³

et al. 2012

JMP

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Among the different types of microwave plasma torches, the axial injection torch (TIA) has been used for several years to create chemically active species, in applications such as gas analysis, surface processing and gaseous waste treatments. The TIA allows the coupling of microwave energy (2.45 GHz) to a gas injected axially at the nozzle's exit. The TIA produces non-local thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas with a high luminosity and a maximum density of charged particles at the nozzle's exit. The present work is dedicated to study the plasma created by a TIA running at atmospheric pressure. The study involves both experiment and modeling of this torch, in order to maximize the coupling between the microwave power and the plasma and to define the optimum plasma and flow operating conditions for plasma-to-gas heat transfer.

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“…Air and N 2 -ICP-systems are available, but these require relatively high powers (>3 kW), making the equipment much less compact. Timmermans et al [377] investigated and compared MIP systems based on the axial injection torch (TIA) and on the microwave plasma torch (MPT). The TIA (¼Torche à l'injection axiale [378]) is the less sensitive of the two techniques, but is more compact, requiring lower powers for stable plasma generation and lower gas flows.…”

Section: Microwave Induced Plasma E Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (Mipmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line spectroscopic and spectrometric methods for the determination of metal species in industrial processes☆

Monkhouse

2011

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

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Atomic emission spectroscopy for the on-line monitoring of incineration processes

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Online elemental analysis of process gases with ICP-OES: A case study on waste wood combustion

Online elemental analysis of process gases with ICP-OES: A case study on waste wood combustion

Study of Gas Heating by a Microwave Plasma Torch

On-line spectroscopic and spectrometric methods for the determination of metal species in industrial processes☆

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