Atomic weights of the elements 1981

Holden, N.E.; Martin, R. L.

doi:10.1351/pac198355071101

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Footnote "d" was renamed footnote "w" in the 1975 TSAW [15] and "r" in the 1981 TSAW [16]. For elements having interval atomic-weight values, footnote "r" is no longer needed [6,7,17].…”

Section: History Of Footnote "R" Range In Isotopic Composition Of Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Footnote "e" was renamed footnote "y" in the 1975 TSAW [15] and "m" in the 1981 TSAW [16]. Since the 1989 TSAW [18], footnote "m" has been assigned to hydrogen, lithium, boron, and chlorine to alert users of the possibility of undisclosed isotopic fractionation in laboratory reagents and other commercial sales.…”

Section: History Of Footnote "M" Modified Isotopic Compositions May mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1975 TSAW [15] footnote "g" was renamed footnote "x". Subsequently, in the 1981 TSAW [16] it was renamed footnote "g" again. In the 1970s, this footnote was used to account for specimens from the natural nuclear chain reactor, discovered in 1972 at the Oklo quarry in Gabon, Africa and first discussed in the 1973 TSAW [21].…”

Section: History Of Footnote "G" Geological Materials Are Known In Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1981, the Commission introduced a minimum and coherent set of single-symbol footnotes and annotations, which were harmonized between the Tables of Standard Atomic Weights [16] and the Modified isotopic compositions may be found in commercial material that will fall outside the limits listed, because the material has, either deliberately or inadvertently (see notes), been subjected to isotopic separation. L Longest half-life isotope mass is chosen for the tabulated A r value.…”

Section: Current Footnotes and Annotations Of The Table Of Isotopic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annotations are uppercase for the 1981 TICE [31] to maintain some distinction between them and the footnotes of the 1981 TSAW [16], whose footnotes are lowercase.…”

Section: Current Footnotes and Annotations Of The Table Of Isotopic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of footnotes and annotations to the 1949–2013 tables of standard atomic weights and tables of isotopic compositions of the elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Coplen

Holden

2016

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Abstract:The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights uses annotations given in footnotes that are an integral part of the Tables of Standard Atomic Weights to alert users to the possibilities of quite extraordinary occurrences, as well as sources with abnormal atomic-weight values outside an otherwise acceptable range. The basic need for footnotes to the Standard Atomic Weights Table and equivalent annotations to the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements arises from the necessity to provide users with information that is relevant to one or more elements, but that cannot be provided using numerical data in columns. Any desire to increase additional information conveyed by annotations to these Tables is tempered by the need to preserve a compact format and a style that can alert users, who would not be inclined to consult either the last full element-by-element review or the full text of a current Standard Atomic Weights of the Elements report. Since 1989, the footnotes of the Tables of Standard Atomic Weights and the annotations in column 5 of the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements have been harmonized by use of three lowercase footnotes, "g", "m", and "r", that signify geologically exceptionally specimens ("g"), modified isotopic compositions in material subjected to undisclosed or inadvertent isotopic fractionation ("m"), and the range in isotopic composition of normal terrestrial material prevents more precise atomic-weight value being given ("r"). As some elements are assigned intervals for their standard atomic-weight values (applies to 12 elements since 2009), footnotes "g" and "r" are no longer needed for these elements.

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“…Footnote "d" was renamed footnote "w" in the 1975 TSAW [15] and "r" in the 1981 TSAW [16]. For elements having interval atomic-weight values, footnote "r" is no longer needed [6,7,17].…”

Section: History Of Footnote "R" Range In Isotopic Composition Of Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Footnote "M" Modified Isotopic Compositions May mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Footnote "G" Geological Materials Are Known In Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Footnotes and Annotations Of The Table Of Isotopic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annotations are uppercase for the 1981 TICE [31] to maintain some distinction between them and the footnotes of the 1981 TSAW [16], whose footnotes are lowercase.…”

Section: Current Footnotes and Annotations Of The Table Of Isotopic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of footnotes and annotations to the 1949–2013 tables of standard atomic weights and tables of isotopic compositions of the elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Coplen

Holden

2016

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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The Table of Standard Atomic Weights—An exercise in consensus

Coplen

Holden

Ding

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The present Table of Standard Atomic Weights (TSAW) of the elements is perhaps one of the most familiar data sets in science. Unlike most parameters in physical science whose values and uncertainties are evaluated using the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (GUM), the majority of standard atomic‐weight values and their uncertainties are consensus values, not GUM‐evaluated values. The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) regularly evaluates the literature for new isotopic‐abundance measurements that can lead to revised standard atomic‐weight values, Ar°(E) for element E. The Commission strives to provide utmost clarity in products it disseminates, namely the TSAW and the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements (TICE). In 2016, the Commission recognized that a guideline recommending the expression of uncertainty listed in parentheses following the standard atomic‐weight value, for example, Ar°(Se) = 78.971(8), did not agree with the GUM, which suggests that this parenthetic notation be reserved to express standard uncertainty, not the expanded uncertainty used in the TSAW and TICE. In 2017, to eliminate this noncompliance with the GUM, a new format was adopted in which the uncertainty value is specified by the “±” symbol, for example, Ar°(Se) = 78.971 ± 0.008. To clarify the definition of uncertainty, a new footnote has been added to the TSAW. This footnote emphasizes that an atomic‐weight uncertainty is a consensus (decisional) uncertainty. Not only has the Commission shielded users of the TSAW and TICE from unreliable measurements that appear in the literature as a result of unduly small uncertainties, but the aim of IUPAC has been fulfilled by which any scientist, taking any natural sample from commerce or research, can expect the sample atomic weight to lie within Ar°(E) ± its uncertainty almost all of the time.

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