Atomistic analysis of surface segregation in Ni–Pd alloys

Recent Developments in the Electrocatalysis of the O2Reduction Reaction

“…Theoretical calculations and experimental data demonstrated that, upon annealing at elevated temperatures, the Pd-M alloys, like the Pt-M alloys, undergo Pd segregation, in which Pd atoms migrate to the surface to form a pure Pd skin on the bulk alloys [Bozzolo et al, 2003;Rousset et al, 1996;Ruban et al, 1999]. The Pd lattice also contracts upon alloying with a 3d metal, which generates compressive strains in the Pd skin.…”

Characterization of Ultra-Thin Films of Pd Deposited on Au(111)

“…Films composed of transition and noble metals are of particular interest in heterogeneous catalysis, since bimetallic surfaces have shown enhanced activity for catalytic reactions as compared to pure metals [2]. The interfacial interactions between the two metals can lead to preferential surface orientations, surface relaxation, surface reconstruction, order/disordered effects, and surface alloying [1,3,4].…”

Fine Structure Effect of PdCo electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity: Based on X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies with Synchrotron Beam

“…[11][12][13] In the theoretical calculations and experimental data, Pd-based alloys undergo phase segregations by annealing at high temperatures, with the noble metal Pd migrating to the surface forming a pure Pd overlayer on the bulk alloys. 14,15) The electronic structures of the metal overlayers can be significantly altered upon bonding with the substrate metal, and thus their catalytic properties can be changed. 16,17) Therefore, the understanding relationship between the catalytic activity and the fine structure is the key factor to design desirable electrocatalysts.…”