Atopy and autoimmune thyroid diseases: melatonin can be useful?

Abstract

Recently, there has been growing interest in the relationship between allergic and autoimmune diseases. Allergy and autoimmunity can be considered two potential outcomes of dysregulated immunity and analysis of literature data shows a strong positive association between a history of Th2-mediated allergic disorders and Th1-mediated autoimmune disorders.Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common of all autoimmune pathological conditions.Currently, the mechanisms explaining an association among atopy, autoimmunity, and thyroid diseases are not fully understood.There are data in literature pointing to the relationship between melatonin and thyroid activity. Several studies have suggested a paracrine role for this molecule in the regulation of thyroid activity, documenting that administration, as an antioxidant, in thyroid tissues under conditions of increased oxidative stress, could be helpful to reduce the oxidative processes involved in autoimmune thyroid diseases.Although thyroid autoimmunity has been regularly associated with atopic conditions in children, the possible protective role of melatonin has not yet been investigated.This review summarizes what is known regarding the connection between atopy and autoimmune thyroid diseases, and analyses the probable beneficial action of melatonin.

Melatonin in Apples and Juice: Inhibition of Browning and Microorganism Growth in Apple Juice

“…It also has therapeutic potential for respiratory, colonic, autoimmune, adult-onset chronic non-communicable diseases, ischemic brain and cardiovascular injury, circadian disturbance, stroke, steatohepatitis, etc. [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Melatonin can efficiently scavenge a variety of ROS including hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radical (HO•), nitric oxide (NO•), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and superoxide anion (O 2– •) [ 42 ].…”

Angioedema in a Patient with Autoimmune Thyroiditis – A Case Report

“…Atopy refers to a tendency to produce IgE antibodies in response to low doses of allergens and presents with typical allergic symptoms [14]. Albeit the evidence linking atopy to autoimmune disorders is still controversial, several lymphocyte subsets (Th17, regulatory T cells) and IL-9 have been proposed as a common link [15]. One study in children suggested that atopy might overlap with thyroid autoimmunity as both resulted from dysregulated immunity [16].…”

Increased Risk of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria in Patients With Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Nationwide, Population-based Study

“…Evolving evidence of interactions between thyroid hormone and basal mechanisms controlling appetite and energy expenditure, as well as between the regulation of insulin sensitivity and secretion, explains the possible association between AITD and metabolic diseases 21. Previous studies reported a higher incidence of AITD in patients with allergic disease, and the relationship between allergic and autoimmune diseases was elucidated as 2 potential outcomes of dysregulated immunity 222324…”

“… 21 Previous studies reported a higher incidence of AITD in patients with allergic disease, and the relationship between allergic and autoimmune diseases was elucidated as 2 potential outcomes of dysregulated immunity. 22 23 24 …”