ATP Hydrolysis Determines Cold Tolerance by Regulating Available Energy for Glutathione Synthesis in Rice Seedling Plants

Abstract

Background: Glutathione (GSH) is important for plants to resist abiotic stress, and a large amount of energy is required in the process. However, it is not clear how the energy status affects the accumulation of GSH in plants under cold stress. Results: Two rice pure lines, Zhongzao39 (ZZ39) and its recombinant inbred line 82 (RIL82) were subjected to cold stress for 48 h. Under cold stress, RIL82 suffered more damages than ZZ39 plants, in which higher increases in APX activity and GSH content were showed in the latter than the former compared with their respective controls. This indicated that GSH was mainly responsible for the different cold tolerance between these two rice plants. Interestingly, under cold stress, greater increases in contents of carbohydrate, NAD(H), NADP(H) and ATP as well as the expression levels of GSH1 and GSH2 were showed in RIL82 than ZZ39 plants. In contrast, ATPase content in RIL82 plants was adversely inhibited by cold stress while it increased significantly in ZZ39 plants. This indicated that cold stress reduced the accumulation of GSH in RIL82 plants mainly due to the inhibition on ATP hydrolysis rather than energy deficit. Conclusion: We inferred that the energy status determined by ATP hydrolysis involved in regulating the cold tolerance of plants by controlling GSH synthesis.

Enzymology and Regulation of δ1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthetase 2 From Rice

“…Substrate inhibition was also found at ATP concentrations exceeding 4 mM. If we convert literature data (25-35 nmol g −1 fw; e.g., Yu et al, 2020) into molar levels on the assumption of an intracellular volume (excluding vacuoles) equal to about 2-4% of the total water content in rice leaves, the concentration of ATP in the cell should range from 0.6 to 1.5 mM. It is therefore likely that such inhibition does not have a physiological role.…”

Respiration, Rather Than Photosynthesis, Determines Rice Yield Loss Under Moderate High-Temperature Conditions

“…In fact, maintaining energy homeostasis is a challenge for all living organisms under abiotic stress conditions, and an intimate relationship exists between energy availability and stress tolerance in plants ( De Block and Van Lijsebettens, 2011 ; Dröge-Laser and Weiste, 2018 ). The enhancement of antioxidant capacity and the accumulation of heat shock proteins are such energetically expensive processes that plant growth and development are inhibited, and plants may die if extreme stress lasts until an energy threshold is reached above which the damage can no longer be repaired ( Baena-González and Sheen, 2008 ; Yu et al, 2020 ). Plants with reduced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity consumed less NAD(H) in stressful environments and improved their energy utilization efficiency by reducing overactive mitochondrial respiration and ROS production, thereby increasing stress tolerance ( Vanderauwera et al, 2007 ; Rissel et al, 2017 ; Jiang et al, 2020 ).…”

Altitudinal Variation of Metabolites, Mineral Elements and Antioxidant Activities of Rhodiola crenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba

“…Fatty acids offer an essential source of energy for life activities in plants [ 55 , 56 ], while adenosine phosphates, which are involved in ATP energy metabolism, supply a more straightforward energy utilization for plants [ 57 ]. It has also been suggested that fatty acid content and adenosine phosphates content change in a variety of plants under salt, low temperature or drought stress [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. This indicates that adversity stress may cause changes in energy metabolism in different aspects.…”