Atrial fibrillation and elevated heart rate: Independent prognostic factors of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Atrial fibrillation: An early marker of ventricular myocardial dysfunction

“…More specifically, in patients with heart failure, AF is considered a marker of a more advanced ventricular dysfunction as well as a predictor of worse clinical prognosis. In the presence of impaired left ventricular systolic function, AF and an elevated heart rate have also been identified as independent predictors of concomitant right ventricular dysfunction, which may also constitute another marker of advanced heart failure [4]. A holistic and multidisciplinary approach, including regular assessment of left ventricular function as well as management of comorbidities, is, therefore, of crucial importance in AF patients [5].…”