“…However, I will point out that, common to both AAD and ablation trials, 2023 saw a growing appreciation that minimizing atrial myopathy by earlier rhythm control and by earlier management of contributing comorbidities can result in improved AF rhythm management, slowing of AF progression from paroxysmal (PAF) to persistent and permanent AF, and the reduction of adverse outcomes. 2 – 7 Likewise, 2023 saw a growing appreciation that time to first recurrence, a very common primary efficacy outcome in clinical trials, is not particularly meaningful in the management of patients with AF. Rather, the reduction of overall events across time, the reduction in AF burden, and improvements in the quality of life are better metrics with respect to meaningful rhythm management, whether by AADs and/or ablation.…”