Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Atlas, Steven A.; Maack, Thomas

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp080233

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 808 publications

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“…ANP is produced from cardiomyocytes primarily in response to stretch of the right heart, such that with an increase in P PA , circulating ANP levels are elevated (24). ANP is produced and stored in cardiomyocytes as an inactive precursor, pro-ANP, and upon secretion is cleaved to the active 28-amino acid peptide (α-ANP) (708).…”

Section: Atrial Natriuretic Peptidementioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Circulation

Suresh

Shimoda

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

111

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The circulation of the lung is unique both in volume and function. For example, it is the only organ with two circulations: the pulmonary circulation, the main function of which is gas exchange, and the bronchial circulation, a systemic vascular supply that provides oxygenated blood to the walls of the conducting airways, pulmonary arteries and veins. The pulmonary circulation accommodates the entire cardiac output, maintaining high blood flow at low intravascular arterial pressure. As compared with the systemic circulation, pulmonary arteries have thinner walls with much less vascular smooth muscle and a relative lack of basal tone. Factors controlling pulmonary blood flow include vascular structure, gravity, mechanical effects of breathing, and the influence of neural and humoral factors. Pulmonary vascular tone is also altered by hypoxia, which causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. If the hypoxic stimulus persists for a prolonged period, contraction is accompanied by remodeling of the vasculature, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, genetic and environmental factors can also confer susceptibility to development of pulmonary hypertension. Under normal conditions, the endothelium forms a tight barrier, actively regulating interstitial fluid homeostasis. Infection and inflammation compromise normal barrier homeostasis, resulting in increased permeability and edema formation. This article focuses on reviewing the basics of the lung circulation (pulmonary and bronchial), normal development and transition at birth and vasoregulation. Mechanisms contributing to pathological conditions in the pulmonary circulation, in particular when barrier function is disrupted and during development of pulmonary hypertension, will also be discussed.

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Section: Atrial Natriuretic Peptidementioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Circulation

Suresh

Shimoda

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

111

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“…The presence of natriuretic peptides in the venom composition could be an alternative way to achieve the same effect elicited by bradykinin generated in the bloodstream by snake venom proteolytic enzymes (Schweitz et al, 1992). In parallel to bradykinin, which promotes the release of nitric oxide and increase of cGMP through the activation of a B 28S- guanylate cyclase, natriuretic peptides may bind to its type A or B receptors and activate the guanylate cyclase domain of the receptor, increasing the pool of cGMP (Moncada et al, 1991 ;Atlas and Maack, 1992). However, it is not clear if the natriuretic peptides in the venom also serves a normal function for the snake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of an Unusual Natriuretic Peptide from the South American Coral Snake Micrurus corallinus

Soares

Maack

et al. 1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

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In the course of cloning abundant cDNAs from the South American coral snake Micrurus corullin.us venom gland, we characterized a cDNA coding for a putative natriuretic peptide. All the natural natriuretic peptides described so far, possess a ring structure composed of 17 amino acids formed through an S-S bridge which is extended at the N-terminus by few to several amino acids and may be extended at the C-terminus, usually 4-7 amino acids. In contrast, the M . corullinus natriuretic peptide presents several distinct features : (a) the proform of the deduced natriuretic peptide displays an unusual C-terminus extension. This implies that the mature peptide has a long C-terminal tail or it is further extensively processed to result in the mature natriuretic peptide with the expected 4-7 amino-acid extension. (b) the deduced natriuretic peptide presents an unusual internal Cys within the ring structure. This raises the possibility of natriuretic peptides with a smaller ring structure. (c) the putative natriuretic peptide is flanked by two homologous peptides of unknown function. In addition, an analogous peptide was synthesized and assayed on perfused rat kidney, showing a dose-dependent response in urinary volume and sodium excretion.Moreover, northern-blot studies showed that M. corullinus natriuretic peptide transcripts were highly expressed in venom glands, but they were not detectable in other tissues like heart and brain, suggesting a main role for this M. corallinus natriuretic peptide in the venom gland or in the envenomation by this coral snake's bite.

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“…Indeed, there were no differences in profile whether ANP was present or not in the injectate. Thus, the change in compliance of the renal artery was limited to the duration of the injection of 1 mL saline and was presumably due to exposure of the endothelium to a brisk and marked shear stress, as well as to the temporary inhibition of efferent renal nerve activity known to occur during acute volumic stress 17 , 18 . Interestingly, the transient relaxation of the renal artery was amplified in the presence of ANP injected simultaneously with the saline solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMPLIFICATION BY ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE OF THE HAEMODYNAMIC AND RENAL RESPONSES TO AN ACUTE VOLUMIC STRESS IN THE RAT^‡

Caron

Simon

Plennevaux

et al. 1999

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. The purpose of the present study was to test the effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on renal haemodynamics and excretory capacities of salt and water in the rat during an 'acute volumic stress', which was induced by brisk disturbances of the circulatory volume. 2. To this end, 29 anaesthetized male Wistar rats were rapidly injected with 1 mL of 0.85% NaCl, repeated twice at 60 s intervals. The injectates contained no ANP (n = 5) or 1 x 0.25 (n = 6), 3 x 0.25 (n = 6), 1 x 2.5 (n = 6) or 3 x 2.5 micrograms (n = 6) ANP, added to the first injectate only (1 x) or to each injectate (3 x). Renal blood flow (RBF) was continuously measured with an electromagnetic flow transducer. 3. Renal blood flow increased transiently (approximately 30 s) by approximately 13% (P < 0.05) during each injection of saline without ANP. Addition of 0.25 or 2.5 micrograms ANP to the first injectate enhanced RBF by 21 and 35%, respectively (both P < 0.05), but did not modify the time sequence. Furthermore, addition of 0.25 microgram ANP to the second and third injectate produced an almost similar change in RBF at the end of each injection (delta RBF = 20 and 17%, respectively). In contrast, the addition of 2.5 micrograms ANP to the second and third injectate did not produce the same changes in RBF observed at the end of the first injection. The amplitude of the change in RBF was then similar to the increase in RBF induced by 1 mL saline without ANP. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not change significantly during repeated injections of saline alone or with addition of 0.25 microgram ANP to the first injectate. However, MAP decreased significantly (by 5, 9 and 9 mmHg) after the injection of 3 x 0.25, 1 x 2.5 or 3 x 2.5 micrograms ANP, respectively. 4. Sodium excretion was rapidly increased from 2.600 +/- 0.654 to 9.330 +/- 1.322 mumol/min after injection of 3 x 1 mL of 0.85% NaCl (P < 0.05). Thereafter, sodium excretion remained enhanced throughout the experiment, so that 70% of the sodium load injected was recovered at the end of the experiment. Atrial natriuretic peptide added to the injectates further elevated the maximal responses in diuresis and natriuresis induced by saline injections without ANP (P < 0.001). A maximal effect was observed after the addition of 2.5 micrograms ANP to the first saline solution. When the amount of sodium excreted was calculated by integrating the areas under the curve of the natriuretic responses, a relationship was established as a function of the amount of ANP added to the saline solutions. It was characterized by a threshold in the presence of 2.5 micrograms ANP added to the first injectate when the integration period was limited to 4 min 30 s and 14 min 30 s after starting the first injection of the varying test solutions. When the integration period was extended until the end of the experiment (2 h), the amount of sodium excreted in each group was further enhanced, especially after injection of 3 x 1 mL of 0.85% NaCl without ANP or with 1 x 0.25 and 3 x 0.25 microgram ANP. Differen...

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Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Cited by 11 publications

References 808 publications

Lung Circulation

Lung Circulation

Cloning of an Unusual Natriuretic Peptide from the South American Coral Snake Micrurus corallinus

AMPLIFICATION BY ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE OF THE HAEMODYNAMIC AND RENAL RESPONSES TO AN ACUTE VOLUMIC STRESS IN THE RAT^‡

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Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Cited by 11 publications

References 808 publications

Lung Circulation

Lung Circulation

Cloning of an Unusual Natriuretic Peptide from the South American Coral Snake Micrurus corallinus

AMPLIFICATION BY ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE OF THE HAEMODYNAMIC AND RENAL RESPONSES TO AN ACUTE VOLUMIC STRESS IN THE RAT‡

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AMPLIFICATION BY ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE OF THE HAEMODYNAMIC AND RENAL RESPONSES TO AN ACUTE VOLUMIC STRESS IN THE RAT^‡