Attachment and sleep: A study of night waking in 12‐month‐old infants

Scher, Anat

doi:10.1002/dev.1020

Cited by 92 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Other authors have pointed to this relation between sleep problems and failure to achieve "secure" attachment between mother and child (Anders 1994;Scher 2000). The animal literature suggests a deep relation between sleep states and attachment.…”

Section: Effects Of Maternal Separation On Sleepmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rem sleep, early experience, and the development of reproductive strategies

McNamara

Dowdall

Auerbach

2002

Hum Nat

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We hypothesize that rapid eye movement or REM sleep evolved, in part, to mediate sexual/reproductive behaviors and strategies. Because development of sexual and mating strategies depends crucially on early attachment experiences, we further hypothesize that REM functions to mediate attachment processes early in life. Evidence for these hypotheses comes from (1) the correlation of REM variables with both attachment and sexual/reproductive variables; (2) attachment-related and sex-related hormonal release during REM; (3) selective activation during REM of brain sites implicated in attachment and sexual processes; (4) effects of maternal deprivation on REM; (5) effects of REM deprivation on sexual behaviors; and (6) the REM-associated sexual excitation. To explain why we find associations among REM sleep, attachment, and adult reproductive strategies, we rely on recent extensions of parent-offspring conflict theory. Using data from recent findings on genomic imprinting, Haig (2000) and others suggest that paternally expressed genes are selected to promote growth of the developing fetus/child at the expense of the mother, while maternally expressed genes counter these effects. Because developmental REM facilitates attachment-related outcomes in the child, developmental REM may be regulated by paternally expressed genes. In that case, REM

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Section: Effects Of Maternal Separation On Sleepmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rem sleep, early experience, and the development of reproductive strategies

McNamara

Dowdall

Auerbach

2002

Hum Nat

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“…Die im Jahre 1999 durchgeführte Untersuchung von Thunström et al (1999) (Scher, 2001, Burnham et al, 2002, Fegert et al, 1997. Lediglich bei den 2518 Kindern, die von Thunström (1999) auf ihre Schlafeigenschaften untersucht wurden, waren es geringfügig mehr Jungen, die ernstere Schlafprobleme aufwiesen.…”

Section: Zusammenhang Der Schlafprobleme Mit Elterlichen Merkmalenunclassified

Entwicklung des Schlafverhaltens im Säuglingsalter

Heitkamp

Pauli‐Pott

2008

Kindheit und Entwicklung

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Beziehungen zwischen dem Geburtsgewicht, der kindlichen Gewichtsentwicklung, der positiven und negativen Reaktivität des Kindes und der mütterlichen Depressionsneigung/Ängstlichkeit mit der Entwicklung von Schlafverhaltensmerkmalen am Ende des ersten Lebensjahres untersucht. An der Längsschnittstudie nahmen insgesamt 101 Bezugspersonen-Kind-Paare teil. Alle Kinder waren gesunde Erstgeborene mit einem Geburtsgewicht über 2500 g. Untersuchungen fanden im Alter der Kinder von vier, acht und 12 Monaten statt. Zur Erfassung des kindlichen Schlafverhaltens, der Reaktivität des Kindes und der Depressivität/Ängstlichkeit der Bezugsperson wurden strukturierte Interviews mit der Bezugsperson, Fragebogen und standardisierte Verhaltensbeobachtungen eingesetzt. Die Daten zur Gewichtsentwicklung wurden den Vorsorgeuntersuchungsheften entnommen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Kinder, die im Alter von 12 Monaten nachts häufig aufwachten, ein relativ geringes Körpergewicht, Phasen exzessiven Schreiens noch im Alter von vier Monaten, eine geringe positive und hohe negative Reaktivität zeigten. Die Mütter dieser Kinder beschrieben sich als depressiv und ängstlich.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Night wakings allow infants to signal parents' provision of sustenance and comfort. 1,3,4 At 2 months of age, sleep homeostatic pressure develops, potentially compressing nighttime awakenings. 2 Large declines in nocturnal wakefulness occur (on average) over the first 6 months of age, and plateau thereafter, 2,5 occurring after 24-hour circadian rhythm stabilization at ∼3 to 6 months of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Large declines in nocturnal wakefulness occur (on average) over the first 6 months of age, and plateau thereafter, 2,5 occurring after 24-hour circadian rhythm stabilization at ∼3 to 6 months of age. 6,7 Infants' nighttime awakenings typically diminish by the end of the first year of life 3 ; however, from 6 months, 16% to 21% of infants continue experiencing nocturnal wakefulness such that parents report their child has a "sleep problem." 8,9 Sleep problems may be due to reduced sleep homeostatic pressure 2 and/or a "coercive behavior trap, " whereby parents' nocturnal responses are more reinforcing than sleep.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Interventions for Infant Sleep Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gradisar¹,

Jackson²,

et al. 2016

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To evaluate the effects of behavioral interventions on the sleep/wakefulness of infants, parent and infant stress, and later child emotional/behavioral problems, and parent-child attachment. METHODS:A total of 43 infants (6-16 months, 63% girls) were randomized to receive either graduated extinction (n = 14), bedtime fading (n = 15), or sleep education control (n = 14). Sleep measures included parent-reported sleep diaries and infant actigraphy. Infant stress was measured via morning and afternoon salivary cortisol sampling, and mothers' self-reported mood and stress. Twelve months after intervention, mothers completed assessments of children's emotional and behavioral problems, and mother-child dyads underwent the strange situation procedure to evaluate parent-child attachment.RESULTS: Significant interactions were found for sleep latency (P < .05), number of awakenings (P < .0001), and wake after sleep onset (P = .01), with large decreases in sleep latency for graduated extinction and bedtime fading groups, and large decreases in number of awakenings and wake after sleep onset for the graduated extinction group. Salivary cortisol showed small-to-moderate declines in graduated extinction and bedtime fading groups compared with controls. Mothers' stress showed small-to-moderate decreases for the graduated extinction and bedtime fading conditions over the first month, yet no differences in mood were detected. At the 12-month follow-up, no significant differences were found in emotional and behavioral problems, and no significant differences in secureinsecure attachment styles between groups.CONCLUSIONS: Both graduated extinction and bedtime fading provide significant sleep benefits above control, yet convey no adverse stress responses or long-term effects on parent-child attachment or child emotions and behavior. Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Dr Gradisar provided co-conception and design of the study, supervision of most of the analyses and conducted the rest of analyses, signifi cant contribution to the interpretation of analyses, and was main contributor to writing of manuscript; Dr Jackson provided co-conception and design of the study, collected most of the data (pretreatment to 3 months), conducted most of the analyses, provided signifi cant input to the literature reviewed, was a minor contributor to writing of the manuscript, and provided critical evaluation of manuscript drafts; Dr Spurrier provided co-conception and design of the study, critical evaluation of manuscript drafts, and interpretation of fi ndings; Ms Gibson provided input into study design, collected most of the 12-month follow-up data, and provided interpretation of fi ndings and critical evaluation of manuscript drafts; Dr Whitham provided input into the study design, conducted data scoring and analyses of 12-month 2 Large declines in nocturnal wakefulness occur (on average) over the first 6 months of age, and plateau thereafter, 2, 5 occurring after 24-hour circadian rhythm stabilization ...

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Attachment and sleep: A study of night waking in 12‐month‐old infants

Cited by 92 publications

References 51 publications

Rem sleep, early experience, and the development of reproductive strategies

Rem sleep, early experience, and the development of reproductive strategies

Entwicklung des Schlafverhaltens im Säuglingsalter

Behavioral Interventions for Infant Sleep Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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