Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk for Substance Use Disorders in Relatives

Skoglund, Charlotte; Chen, Qi; Franck, Johan; Lichtenstein, Paul; Larsson, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.006

Cited by 65 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These studies also support spectrum-specific genetic factors, such as genetic factors that load specifically on externalizing disorders [31]. The finding of externalizingspecific genetic factors for ADHD is consistent with a large number of twin and family studies demonstrating genetic overlaps of ADHD with oppositional-defiant disorder symptoms [37], conduct disorder [38], antisocial behavior [39], and substance use problems [40][41][42]. Twin studies have tested for genetic overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) [43,44], which often co-occur [45].…”

Section: Psychiatric Comorbiditysupporting

confidence: 58%

Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2018

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Decades of research show that genes play an vital role in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its comorbidity with other disorders. Family, twin, and adoption studies show that ADHD runs in families. ADHD's high heritability of 74% motivated the search for ADHD susceptibility genes. Genetic linkage studies show that the effects of DNA risk variants on ADHD must, individually, be very small. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated several genetic loci at the genome-wide level of statistical significance. These studies also show that about a third of ADHD's heritability is due to a polygenic component comprising many common variants each having small effects. From studies of copy number variants we have also learned that the rare insertions or deletions account for part of ADHD's heritability. These findings have implicated new biological pathways that may eventually have implications for treatment development.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset condition with impairing symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Decades of research have documented and replicated key facts about the disorder (for a review, see ref.[1]). It occurs in about 5% of children with little geographic or cross-cultural variation in prevalence and often co-occurs with other conditions, including mood, anxiety, conduct, learning, and substance use disorders. Longitudinal studies show that two-thirds of ADHD youth will continue to have impairing symptoms of ADHD in adulthood. People with ADHD are at risk for a wide range of functional impairments: school failure, peer rejection, injuries due to accidents, criminal behavior, occupational failure, divorce, suicide, and premature death. Although many details of ADHD's pathophysiology are unknown, neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies implicate brain circuits regulating executive functioning, reward processing, timing, and temporal information processing.This article reviews data about the role that genes play in the etiology of ADHD from two perspectives. Family, twin, and adoption studies provide a firm foundation for asserting that genes are involved in the etiology of ADHD. The view from molecular genetics provides a basis for understanding mechanisms whereby genes affect biological pathways that lead to ADHD. Family, twin and adoption studies of ADHDEvidence for heritability from family, adoption, and twin studies A study of 894 ADHD probands and 1135 of their siblings aged 5-17 years old found a ninefold increased risk of ADHD in siblings of ADHD probands compared with siblings of controls [2]. Adoption studies suggest that the familial factors of ADHD are attributable to genetic factors rather than shared environmental factors [3,4] with the most recent one reporting rates of ADHD to be greater among biological relatives of non-adopted ADHD children than adoptive relatives of adopted ADHD children. The adoptive relatives had a risk for ADHD like the risk in relatives of control childr...

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Section: Psychiatric Comorbiditysupporting

confidence: 58%

Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2018

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“…The finding that ADHD in the proband predicted risk for SUDs in relatives independently of proband SUD status is consistent with findings were reported by Skoglund and colleagues' using data from a large Scandinavian cohort registry study (Skoglund et al, 2015). These investigators also found that first degree relatives of probands with ADHD were at increased risk for SUD (OR 2.2 and 1.8) independently of SUD in the proband.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Both studies found first degree relatives of ADHD probands to have an elevated risk for SUDs when compared to relatives of controls (Skoglund et al, 2015;Sundquist et al, 2015). However, the evaluation of the nature of the risk for SUDs was limited by the data available in the registries since SUD was only detected in family members if they presented for treatment for their SUD (Skoglund et al, 2015;Sundquist et al, 2015) or had legal consequences associated with their drug use disorder (Sundquist et al, 2015). Since the majority of people with SUD never present for treatment, the familial risk for SUDs associated with ADHD may have be underestimated using a sample derived from registries (Ali et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

10.4 Examining the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorders: A Familial Risk Analysis

Yule

2016

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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“…Furthermore, given that shared genetic risks play an important role in the comorbidity between ADHD and the conditions studied (125,222), associations may be spuriously increased in a twin population. These issues raise concerns regarding external validity and generalizability of findings from twin research to the general population.…”

Section: Limitations Inherent To Twin Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, common genetic factors have been identified in adults for a wide range of psychiatric disorders, indicating involvement of a set of pleiotropic genes (123). Common genetic risk factors for adolescent ADHD and SUD (124), family aggregation of ADHD and SUD in adults (125), as well as common genetic risk factors for adult ADHD and problem drinking (126) in the general population, have been described. Previous studies have generated conflicting results regarding the role of genetic and environmental risk factors in the association between alcohol dependence and ADHD.…”

Section: Quantitative Genetic Studies In Adhd and Its Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Genetic Influences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its Comorbidities

Capusan¹

2016

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk for Substance Use Disorders in Relatives

Abstract: Background: Previous research indicates that Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

10.4 Examining the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorders: A Familial Risk Analysis

Environmental and Genetic Influences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its Comorbidities

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