Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder, and allergy: is there a link? A nationwide population‐based study

Chen, Mu Hong; Su, Tung Ping; Chen, Ying Sheue; Hsu, Ju Wei; Huang, Kou‐Yuan; Chang, Wen Han; Bai, Ya Mei

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12018

Cited by 115 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The results of this review, as already outlined, suggest an overall positive association between AD and ASD [30,[35][36][37][38][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Although this is the general result of the review, some studies are going in the opposite direction [31][32][33][34]39].…”

Section: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In another study by this group [44], the authors investigated the association between atopy in early childhood (before the age of 3 years) and the risk of ASD or ADHD in later life. A cohort of subjects with atopic diseases (atopic cohort) and a cohort of subjects without atopy (nonatopic cohort) were followed for approximately 10 years, identifying those subjects with ASD or ADHD.…”

Section: Association Between Asd and Ad In Connection With Other Atopmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Another three recent nationwide studies [43][44][45] have been run by the same research group using data from the National Health Insurance program implemented in Taiwan in 1995. In the first study [43], 1,000,000 persons were investigated for an ASD diagnosis, as well as the presence of allergic and autoimmune diseases.…”

Section: Association Between Asd and Ad In Connection With Other Atopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies were conducted by an Egyptian research group which aimed to correlate atopic diseases in ASD with other clinical conditions and biological dysfunctions [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Association Between Asd and Ad In Connection With Other Atopmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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Overall, the results of this systematic review seem to reveal an association between ASD and AD, suggesting that subjects with ASD have an increased risk of presenting with AD compared with typically developing controls, and vice versa. This association is supported by clinical/epidemiological aspects, shared genetic background and common immunological and autoimmune processes. However, the variability in study population and design, and the presence of other risk factors acting as confounding factors, sometimes contribute to inconsistent results. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism explaining the association between ASD and AD and to explore the causal association between the two conditions.

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Section: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Association Between Asd and Ad In Connection With Other Atopmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Association Between Asd and Ad In Connection With Other Atopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Association Between Asd and Ad In Connection With Other Atopmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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“…The database provides demographic and medical information on insured residents, including age, gender, prescription drugs, prescription date, and the prescription and diagnosis using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). The NHI Research Database (NHIRD) has been used extensively in many epidemiologic studies in Taiwan [37][38][39]. Our study was approved by Institutional Review Board of Taipei Veterans General Hospital (2012-04-012BC).…”

Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Mild Iodine Defi ciency During Pregnancy is Associated with Reduced Educational Outcomes in the Offspring: 9-Year Follow-up of the Gestational Iodine Cohort

Chen¹,

Su²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Prenatal and Childhood Nutrition

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Background: A great deal of evidence has shown that iron is an important component in cognitive, sensorimotor, and social-emotional development and functioning, because the development of central nervous system processes is highly dependent on iron-containing enzymes and proteins. Deficiency of iron in early life may increase the risk of psychiatric morbidity. Methods: Utilizing the National Health Insurance Database from 1996 to 2008, children and adolescents with a diagnosis of IDA were identified and compared with age and gender-matched controls (1:4) in an investigation of the increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Results: A total of 2957 patients with IDA, with an increased risk of unipolar depressive disorder (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.58~3.46), bipolar disorder (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 2.23~15.05), anxiety disorder (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.49~3.16), autism spectrum disorder (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.79~5.28), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.29~2.17), tic disorder (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.03~2.78), developmental delay (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 2.00~3.00), and mental retardation (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 2.00~3.65), were identified. A gender effect was noted, in that only female patients with IDA had an increased OR of bipolar disorder (OR = 5.56, 95% CI = 1.98~15.70) and tic disorder (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.27~6.86). Conclusion: Iron deficiency increased the risk of psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and developmental disorders. Further study is required to clarify the mechanism in the association between IDA and psychiatric disorder.

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Understanding the covariation of tics, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity, and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms: A population‐based adult twin study

Pinto

Monzani

Leckman

et al. 2016

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Chronic tic disorders (TD), attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently co-occur in clinical and epidemiological samples. Family studies have found evidence of shared familial transmission between TD and OCD, whereas the familial association between these disorders and ADHD is less clear. This study aimed to investigate to what extent liability of tics, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms is caused by shared or distinct genetic or environmental influences, in a large population-representative sample of Swedish adult twins (n ¼ 21,911). Tics, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms showed modest, but significant covariation. Model fitting suggested a latent liability factor underlying the three phenotypes. This common factor was relatively heritable, and explained significantly less of the variance of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptom liability. The majority of genetic variance was specific rather than shared. The greatest proportion of total variance in liability of tics, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms was attributed to specific non-shared environmental influences. Our findings suggest that the co-occurrence of tics and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and to a lesser extent attentiondeficit/hyperactivity symptoms, can be partly explained by shared etiological influences. However, these phenotypes do not appear to be alternative expressions of the same underlying genetic liability. Further research examining sub-dimensions of these phenotypes may serve to further clarify the association between these disorders and identify more genetically homogenous symptom subtypes.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder, and allergy: is there a link? A nationwide population‐based study

Abstract: A significant association among ADHD, tic disorder, and allergic diseases was noted in our study. The results may inspire further studies to clarify the underlying mechanisms and help us understand more about the complex etiology of ADHD, tic disorder, and their co-occurrence.

Cited by 115 publications

References 57 publications

Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Mild Iodine Defi ciency During Pregnancy is Associated with Reduced Educational Outcomes in the Offspring: 9-Year Follow-up of the Gestational Iodine Cohort

Understanding the covariation of tics, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity, and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms: A population‐based adult twin study

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