Attentional subdomains’ deficits in Brazilian patients with major depressive episodes.

Schmidt, Guilherme J.; Barbosa, Aleksander O.; Assis, Simone Gonçalves de; Nicaretta, Denise Hack; Schmidt, Sergio L.

doi:10.1037/neu0000719

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Attention itself has been characterized as having four hierarchical subdomains, including intrinsic alertness, sustained attention, focused or selective attention and behavioral inhibition ( 67 , 68 ). Compared to healthy controls, adults with MDD show deficits on selective attention ( 69 , 70 ), and sustained attention ( 71 , 72 ). Within the context of the present study, the results indicate that nicotine may be enhancing sustained attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

EEG as a Functional Marker of Nicotine Activity: Evidence From a Pilot Study of Adults With Late-Life Depression

et al. 2021

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Late-life depression (LLD) is a debilitating condition that is associated with poor response to antidepressant medications and deficits in cognitive performance. Nicotinic cholinergic stimulation has emerged as a potentially effective candidate to improve cognitive performance in patients with cognitive impairment. Previous studies of nicotinic stimulation in animal models and human populations with cognitive impairment led to examining potential cognitive and mood effects of nicotinic stimulation in older adults with LLD. We report results from a pilot study of transdermal nicotine in LLD testing whether nicotine treatment would enhance cognitive performance and mood. The study used electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as a tool to test for potential mechanisms underlying the effect of nicotine. Eight non-smoking participants with LLD completed EEG recordings at baseline and after 12 weeks of transdermal nicotine treatment (NCT02816138). Nicotine augmentation treatment was associated with improved performance on an auditory oddball task. Analysis of event-related oscillations showed that nicotine treatment was associated with reduced beta desynchronization at week 12 for both standard and target trials. The change in beta power on standard trials was also correlated with improvement in mood symptoms. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence for the impact of nicotine in modulating cortical activity and improving mood in depressed older adults and shows the utility of using EEG as a marker of functional engagement in nicotinic interventions in clinical geriatric patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

EEG as a Functional Marker of Nicotine Activity: Evidence From a Pilot Study of Adults With Late-Life Depression

et al. 2021

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“…Few studies included in our review attempted to apply statistical models other than the mean to measure PS and SA more precisely. RT appeared to be more variable in depressed states but not euthymia, however, only five studies reported RT variability from CPTs 19,22,96,117,152 and more research is needed to assess this across mood states. Only one study utilised statistical modelling of RT data (ex-Gaussian modelling) to assess sustained attention, 22 and found one ex-Gaussian component, tau, was sensitive to cognitive impairment in BD in euthymia and in depressed states, suggesting an avenue for further research.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Methodologymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…17,18 Within attentional processes, sustained attention (SA) appears to be most strongly related to MDD. 19,20 Poor SA has been observed in euthymic BD, 21,22 first-degree relatives of patients, 23 and may reflect a core feature of BD. 24 However, there is a relative paucity of studies on SA in mood disorders, especially in MDD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Processing speed and sustained attention in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Little,

Anwyll,

Norsworthy

et al. 2023

Bipolar Disorders

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ObjectivesCognitive impairment is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Deficits in processing speed (PS) and sustained attention (SA) may be particularly impaired and may underpin a broader profile of deficits, however current knowledge of the nature of these impairments is limited by heterogeneous results in the literature. Few reviews to date have attempted to disentangle sources of heterogeneity to assess the presence and magnitude of impairments in PS and SA in BD and MDD.MethodsOne hundred and three studies were reviewed to examine performance in tests of PS and SA in BD (n = 3452) and MDD (n = 5461) compared to healthy controls (n = 8016). Neuropsychological methodology used in the literature was summarised. Data were meta‐analysed to assess impairments in PS and SA for each neuropsychological test separately. Subgroup analysis was performed across mood states to investigate sources of heterogeneity.ResultsImpairments were found across most neuropsychological tests, with small to large effect sizes for BD (range: d = 0.19–0.96) and MDD (range: d = 0.29–0.86). Impairments were present in symptomatic states and euthymia in most cases. Some outcome measures were not impaired in euthymia. Heterogeneity was observed for most neuropsychological tests and remained after separating by mood state. There inadequate data to meta‐analyse some outcome measures, particularly for symptomatic groups.ConclusionImpairments in PS and SA in BD and MDD can be observed across most neuropsychological tests. Future research should further investigate the nature of these impairments across mood states, controlling for clinical confounds.

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“…The Continuous Visual Attention Test (CVAT) is Go/no-go task ( Schmidt et al, 2020 ) that has been frequently used to assess the attention subdomains in several neurologic diseases ( Simões et al, 2018 ; Schmidt et al, 2021 ). The number of omission errors (OE) reflects problems on focused attention, whereas the number of incorrect hits or false alarms (no-go) indicates response inhibition, i.e., commission errors (CE; Sessler et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing online and face-to-face administration of a neuropsychological computerized attention test: Assessment modality does not influence performance

Negrini

Schmidt

2023

Front. Psychol.

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BackgroundThe cognitive impairment associated with the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for teleneuropsychology (1). Moreover, neurologic diseases associated with mental deterioration usually require the use of the same neuropsychological instrument to assess cognitive changes across time. Therefore, in such cases, a learning effect upon retesting is not desired. Attention and its subdomains can be measured using Go/no-go tests, such as, the Continuous Visual Attention Test (CVAT). Here, we administered the CVAT to investigate the effect of modality (online vs. face-to-face) on attentional performance. The variables of the CVAT measures four attention domains: focused-attention, behavioral-inhibition, intrinsic-alertness (reaction time, RT), and sustained-attention (intra-individual variability of RTs, VRT).MethodsThe CVAT was applied face-to face and online in 130 adult Americans and 50 adult Brazilians. Three different study designs were used: (1) Between-subjects design: healthy Americans were tested face-to-face (n = 88) or online (n = 42). We verified if there were any differences between the two modalities. (2) Within-subjects design: Brazilians participants (n = 50) were tested twice (online and face-to-face). For each CVAT variable, repeated measures ANCOVAs were performed to verify whether modality or first vs. second tests differ. Agreement was analyzed using Kappa, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland–Altman plots. (3) Paired comparisons: we compared Americans vs. Brazilians, pairing subjects by age, sex, and level of education, grouping by modality.ResultsAssessment modality did not influence performance using two independent samples (between-subjects design) or the same individual tested twice (within-subjects design). The second test and the first test did not differ. Data indicated significant agreements for the VRT variable. Based on paired samples, Americans did not differ from Brazilians and a significant agreement was found for the VRT variable.ConclusionThe CVAT can be administered online or face-to-face without learning upon retesting. The data on agreement (online vs. face-to-face, test vs. retest, Americans vs. Brazilians) indicate that VRT is the most reliable variable.LimitationsHigh educational level of the participants and absence of a perfect balanced within-subjects design.

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Attentional subdomains’ deficits in Brazilian patients with major depressive episodes.

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

EEG as a Functional Marker of Nicotine Activity: Evidence From a Pilot Study of Adults With Late-Life Depression

EEG as a Functional Marker of Nicotine Activity: Evidence From a Pilot Study of Adults With Late-Life Depression

Processing speed and sustained attention in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Comparing online and face-to-face administration of a neuropsychological computerized attention test: Assessment modality does not influence performance

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