Attenuated Total Reflectance Mode for Transport through Membranes

Hallinan, Daniel T.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.107869

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…No flux boundary conditions remain in this experiment, but the initial concentration profile is a step change rather than a linear profile. We have previously reported analytical and numerical solutions to this case. , The specific thicknesses of the membranes in each experiment were used in the analysis. Results from the concentration-based diffusion measurements are shown in Table S3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been used to determine changes in concentration, e.g., for surface characterization of nanoparticles and extraction of lipids from skin . FTIR with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) has been used increasingly over the past five decades as an in situ technique to gain insight on diffusion in polymers from the molecular level. , In most prior work, the diffusion of a liquid or vapor in a polymer was examined, but there have been few studies of all solid systems . FTIR directly measures a quantity that is proportional to molar concentration, which is relevant to the mutual diffusion coefficient that plays a role in the battery rate capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported analytical and numerical solutions to this case. 27,29 The specific thicknesses of the membranes in each experiment were used in the analysis. Results from the concentration-based diffusion measurements are shown in Table S3.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Gradient Infrared Spectroscopy for Diffusion in Polymers

David,

Silverman,

Kim

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) was used to measure diffusion in opaque and translucent samples. FTIR-ATR was used to measure the change in the absorbance near the heated ATR crystal surface. The infrared absorbance was then related to the concentration through the Beer–Lambert law. The sample used is a polymer electrolyte composed of lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide (LiTFSI) salt in a block copolymer polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (SEO). A new approach to introduce concentration gradients is presented using a temperature gradient that creates a small salt concentration gradient due to thermally driven mass diffusion (the Soret effect). This first method was compared to a second method that we reported using two laminated polymer electrolyte films of different salt concentrations. The thermal gradient study (method 1) covered three temperature differences of 10, 15, and 20 °C, while the second study (method 2) used three average molar ratios across isothermal temperatures ranging from 80 to 120 °C. The benefits and limitations of the new approach are reported, as is the activation energy for salt diffusion in this and similar SEO electrolytes. Developing new techniques to measure diffusion coefficients effectively will aid in the development of a variety of devices, including solid-state batteries and thermogalvanic cells, that are able to convert waste heat into electricity and improve the efficiency of power-generating systems. FTIR-ATR overcomes previous limitations in experimental techniques measuring diffusion coefficients. The results prove that thermal gradient FTIR-ATR is an effective and repeatable approach for determining Fickian diffusion coefficients in viscoelastic solids.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Gradient Infrared Spectroscopy for Diffusion in Polymers

David,

Silverman,

Kim

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Various Approaches to Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for Bioanalytical and Biotechnological Applications in Marine Algae

Fréda Zamanileha,

Tantely Mitantsoa,

Frienduc Vaonalamihanta

et al. 2024

Infrared Spectroscopy - Biotechnological Applications [Working Title]

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In recent decades, infrared spectroscopy has proved to be an effective tool for studying biological molecules, thanks in particular to advances in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This method is widely used to characterize molecules, providing precise data on samples and finding extensive applications in biological and biotechnological research. Macroalgae, alongside marine crustaceans, are now recognized as primary sources of biomass, offering nutritional benefits and promising bioactive molecules. Hydrocolloids extracted from algae play a crucial role as food additives, improving the texture and quality of food products. This chapter explores in detail the fundamentals, data analysis methods, spectrum interpretation, and associated aspects of characterizing hydrocolloids present in the cell wall of algae using FTIR spectroscopy. It provides an in-depth overview of the methodologies used to extract these hydrocolloids from various types of algae while optimizing analytical techniques and interpreting infrared results. By enriching our understanding of these compounds, this chapter aims to promote their use in diverse fields such as food and biotechnology, highlighting their growing potential as sustainable and biologically beneficial resources.

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Attenuated Total Reflectance Mode for Transport through Membranes

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

Thermal Gradient Infrared Spectroscopy for Diffusion in Polymers

Thermal Gradient Infrared Spectroscopy for Diffusion in Polymers

Various Approaches to Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for Bioanalytical and Biotechnological Applications in Marine Algae

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