Atypical Class 1 Integron Coexists with Class 1 and Class 2 Integrons in Multi-Drug Resistant Shigella flexneri Isolates from China

Zhu, Jing Yuan; Duan, Guang Cai; Yang, Hai Yan; Fan, Qing; Xi, Yuan

doi:10.1007/s00284-010-9790-3

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most strains carried class 1 and/or class 2 integrons that contributed only in part to the multidrug resistance of Shigella, and their chromosomal location should limit resistance dissemination. In addition, despite the limited classes of integrons and the high stability of gene cassettes, the atypical class 1 integron, typical class 1 integron, and class 2 integron were also reported to co-existed in some of the multidrug-resistant isolates of S. flexneri (Zhu et al 2011a). Further studies are needed to explore the interaction of the integrons and the possible gene linkages between integron-mediated resistance and other resistant genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Epidemiology and molecular mechanism of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in Shigella

Xing

Pan

et al. 2011

Arch Microbiol

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Integrons are gene capture and expression systems that are characterized by the presence of an integrase gene. This encodes an integrase, a recombined site, and a promoter. They are able to capture gene cassettes from the environment and incorporate them using site-specific recombination. The role of integrons and gene cassettes in the dissemination of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is significant. In Shigella species, antimicrobial resistance is often associated with the presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons that contain resistance gene cassettes. Multiple and complex expression regulation mechanisms involving mobile genetic elements in integrons have been developed in the evolution of Shigella strains. Knowledge of the epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in this important pathogen is essential for the implementation of intervention strategies. This review was conducted to introduce the structures and functions of integrons in Shigella species and mechanisms that control integron-mediated events linked to antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Epidemiology and molecular mechanism of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in Shigella

Xing

Pan

et al. 2011

Arch Microbiol

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“…This is in accordance with that observed by Peirano et al (2005), which detected only 2 out of 109 sulphonamide resistant Shigella spp. isolates with the sul1 gene and also with the presence of atypical class 1 integrons lacking the sul1 gene (Pan et al , 2006; Zhu et al 2011). Thus, present results might be related to the carriage of this atypical class 1 integron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella strains from periurban areas of Lima (Peru)

Lluque

Mosquito

Gomes

et al. 2015

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The study was aimed to describe the serotype, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and virulence determinants in Shigella spp. isolated from Peruvian children. Eighty three Shigella spp. were serogrouped and serotyped being established the antibiotic susceptibility. The presence of 12 virulence factors (VF) and integrase 1 and 2, along with commonly found antibiotic resistance genes was established by PCR. S. flexneri was the most relevant serogroup (55 isolates, 66%), with serotype 2a most frequently detected (27 of 55, 49%), followed by S. boydii and S. sonnei at 12 isolates each (14%) and S. dysenteriae (4 isolates, 5%). Fifty isolates (60%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR) including 100% of S. sonnei and 64% of S. flexneri. Resistance levels were high to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86%), tetracycline (74%), ampicillin (67%), and chloramphenicol (65%). Six isolates showed decreased azithromycin susceptibility. No isolate was resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, or ceftriaxone. The most frequent resistance genes were sul2 (95%), tet(B) (92%), cat (80%), dfrA1 (47%), blaOXA-1 like (40%), with intl1 and intl2 detected in 51 and 52% of the isolates, respectively. Thirty-one different VF profiles were observed, being the ipaH (100%), sen (77%), virA and icsA (75%) genes the most frequently found. Differences in the prevalence of VF were observed between species with S. flexneri isolates, particularly serotype 2a, possessing high numbers of VF. In conclusion, this study highlights the high heterogeneity of Shigella VF and resistance genes, and prevalence of MDR organisms within this geographic region.

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“…Shigellosis, caused by enteroinvasive E. coli or Shigella spp., plays an important role in morbidity and mortality among children <5 years of age. About 125 million cases of endemic shigellosis occur every year in Asian countries [12, 13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple etiologies of infectious diarrhea and concurrent infections in a pediatric outpatient-based screening study in Odisha, India

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThere are multiple etiologies responsible for infectious gastroenteritis causing acute diarrhea which are often under diagnosed. Also acute diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among children less than 5 years of age.MethodsIn our study, fecal samples (n = 130) were collected from children (<5 years) presenting with symptoms of acute diarrhea. Samples were screened for viral, bacterial, and parasitic etiologies. Rotavirus and Adenovirus were screened by immunochromatographic tests. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (EPEC, EHEC, STEC, EAEC, O157, O111), Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholera, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. were detected by gene-specific polymerase chain reaction.Results Escherichia coli was detected to be the major etiological agent (30.07%) followed by Rotavirus (26.15%), Shigella (23.84%), Adenovirus (4.61%), Cryptosporidium (3.07%), and Giardia (0.77%). Concurrent infections with two or more pathogens were observed in 44 of 130 (33.84%) cases with a predominant incidence particularly in <2-year-old children (65.90%) compared to children of 2–5 years age group (34.09%). An overall result showed significantly higher detection rates among children with diarrhea in both combinations of two as well as three infections concurrently (p = 0.004915 and 0.03917, respectively).ConclusionSuspecting possible multiple infectious etiologies and diagnosis of the right causative agent(s) can aid in a better pharmacological management of acute childhood diarrhea. It is hypothesized that in cases with concurrent infections the etiological agents might be complementing each other’s strategies of pathogenesis resulting in severe diarrhea that could be studied better in experimental infections.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-017-0166-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Atypical Class 1 Integron Coexists with Class 1 and Class 2 Integrons in Multi-Drug Resistant Shigella flexneri Isolates from China

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Epidemiology and molecular mechanism of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in Shigella

Epidemiology and molecular mechanism of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in Shigella

Virulence factors and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella strains from periurban areas of Lima (Peru)

Multiple etiologies of infectious diarrhea and concurrent infections in a pediatric outpatient-based screening study in Odisha, India

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