Au/SiNCA-based SERS analysis coupled with machine learning for the early-stage diagnosis of cisplatin-induced liver injury

Cancer diagnosis using label-free SERS-based exosome analysis

“…Additionally, it is a moderately time-consuming method that typically does not require complex sample pretreatments. Consequently, ultracentrifugation (UC)-based techniques have gained significant popularity in SERS analysis exploring exosomes 28 , 32 - 34 , 38 - 40 , 42 , 48 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 63 . Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) 31 - 33 , 36 , 40 , 45 - 47 , 55 and ultrafiltration 37 , 38 , 41 , 58 are popular size-based exosome isolation techniques.…”

“…Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) are commonly used to count and size exosome, which are viewed by the incident illumination coming from laser light 32 , 36 - 40 , 45 - 48 , 50 - 52 , 55 , 57 - 59 , 63 . Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used as a compensation to confirm the detection of NTA as it is relatively time-consuming and not fitted for a large amount of exosomes although it can be used to check the quality of preparations in a visualized way 28 , 31 , 33 , 36 - 38 , 40 - 43 , 45 - 47 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 56 - 60 . Western blotting is an important procedure for exosome characterization to confirm some specific proteins in exosomes 28 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 41 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 56 - 60 .…”

“…For effective SERS analysis of exosomes, it's essential to isolate exosomes specifically from an extensive range of body fluids, including blood/plasma/serum [28,33,36,[40][41][42][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52], urine [53] and saliva [39]. Depending on the research purpose and experimental conditions, exosomes may also be isolated from other sources such as fetal bovine serum [54] and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [31].…”