“…Researchers attempted to find possible solutions to narrow the gap of perceptions on the auditors' responsibility for fraud detections and emphasized the role of education (De Muylder, Hardies, & Breesch, 2012;Fulop et al, 2019;Kumari, Ajward, & Dissabandara, 2017;Rehana, 2010;Siddiqui, Nasreen, & Choudhury-Lema, 2009), introducing new auditing standards (Christopher Humphrey et al, 1993;Salehi, 2011), monitoring auditors' performance (Porter et al, 2012), and the expansions of auditors' responsibility (Teck Lee et al, 2009). Researchers have identified many other factors and suggested several actions to reduce the gap, yet the most recent research on the audit expectations have confirmed the prevalence of the gap in all countries in which those studies were conducted.…”