“…While the studies discussed here indicate some potential of AR technology in the context of improving MIS navigation solutions [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], current AR-guided navigation systems have not shown improved precision compared to conventional navigation methods, albeit shown improvements in ergonomics and visualization have been reported [ 38 ]. However, what has been clinically demonstrated to date is evidence of shorter operative times and less blood loss, suggesting a gentler surgical approach [ 33 , 40 ]. Most of the AR-guided navigation studies presented here are experimental development approaches, some of which have shown promising results [ 28 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 41 ].…”