Augmented Reality (AR) and Spatial Cognition: Effects of Holographic Grids on Distance Estimation and Location Memory in a 3D Indoor Scenario

Keil, J. Mark; Korte, Annika; Ratmer, Anna; Edler, Dennis; Dickmann, Frank

doi:10.1007/s41064-020-00104-1

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In studies related to working or short-term spatial memory, mainly visual or auditory modalities have been considered [20,26,29,32,33]. In this work, we contribute with a study in which the tactile modality is considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SLAM-based augmented reality for the assessment of short-term spatial memory. A comparative study of visual versus tactile stimuli

et al. 2021

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The assessment of human spatial short-term memory has mainly been performed using visual stimuli and less frequently using auditory stimuli. This paper presents a framework for the development of SLAM-based Augmented Reality applications for the assessment of spatial memory. An AR mobile application was developed for this type of assessment involving visual and tactile stimuli by using our framework. The task to be carried out with the AR application is divided into two phases: 1) a learning phase, in which participants physically walk around a room and have to remember the location of simple geometrical shapes; and 2) an evaluation phase, in which the participants are asked to recall the location of the shapes. A study for comparing the performance outcomes using visual and tactile stimuli was carried out. Fifty-three participants performed the task using the two conditions (Tactile vs Visual), but with more than two months of difference (within-subject design). The number of shapes placed correctly was similar for both conditions. However, the group that used the tactile stimulus spent significantly more time completing the task and required significantly more attempts. The performance outcomes were independent of gender. Some significant correlations among variables related to the performance outcomes and other tests were found. The following significant correlations among variables related to the performance outcomes using visual stimuli and the participants’ subjective variables were also found: 1) the greater the number of correctly placed shapes, the greater the perceived competence; 2) the more attempts required, the less the perceived competence. We also found that perceived enjoyment was higher when a higher sense of presence was induced. Our results suggest that tactile stimuli are valid stimuli to exploit for the assessment of the ability to memorize spatial-tactile associations, but that the ability to memorize spatial-visual associations is dominant. Our results also show that gender does not affect these types of memory tasks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our group has also studied auditory stimuli for the assessment of spatial memory [32]. Meanwhile, Keil et al [33] have recently presented a development and a study that are closely related to our work. They developed an AR system for location memory and distance estimation.…”

Section: Assessment Of Spatial Memory Using Virtual and Augmented Realitymentioning

confidence: 91%

SLAM-based augmented reality for the assessment of short-term spatial memory. A comparative study of visual versus tactile stimuli

et al. 2021

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“…Four points coordinates = (2D orientation matrix × Displacement matrix from orientation center) + Orientation center coordinates (11) If the USAP platform is moving continuously between different surfaces and projecting visual contents, the user has the ability to interact directly at any location of the projection. Since the previously written equations can calibrate the display content dynamically for an indoor environment, we call it the UWB-based calibration algorithm.…”

Section: Throw Distance (T) Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only where to project is important but also designing the projected content is crucial for AR applications. To boost the projected content's impact, thoughtful design for the projected items plays an essential role in influencing the users' cognition ability and, accordingly, their visual information's interpretation and perception [11]. The variation of the spatial cognitive skills between users was found to change the gained benefit from an AR application's content [12], which implies the importance of carefully designing each item within the projected content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A UWB-Driven Self-Actuated Projector Platform for Interactive Augmented Reality Applications

et al. 2021

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With the rapid development of interactive technology, creating systems that allow users to define their interactive envelope freely and provide multi-interactive modalities is important to build up an intuitive interactive space. We present an indoor interactive system where a human can customize and interact through a projected screen utilizing the surrounding surfaces. An ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless sensor network was used to assist human-centered interaction design and navigate the self-actuated projector platform. We developed a UWB-based calibration algorithm to facilitate the interaction with the customized projected screens, where a hand-held input device was designed to perform mid-air interactive functions. Sixteen participants were recruited to evaluate the system performance. A prototype level implementation was tested inside a simulated museum environment, where a self-actuated projector provides interactive explanatory content for the on-display artifacts under the user’s command. Our results depict the applicability to designate the interactive screen efficiently indoors and interact with the augmented content with reasonable accuracy and relatively low workload. Our findings also provide valuable user experience information regarding the design of mobile and projection-based augmented reality systems, with the ability to overcome the limitations of other conventional techniques.

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“…Especially, video and computer games were identified as valuable sources to analyze and improve animation and interaction techniques in multimedia cartography (Coulton et al 2017;Dickmann 2016, 2017;Ahlqvist 2011;Lammes 2008). The discussions on the impact of games on cartographic visualization are currently influenced by rising opportunities to create environments in (immersive) virtual reality (VR) (e.g., Boletsis 2017;Büyüksalih et al 2020;Hruby et al 2019;Edler et al 2019a;Tschirschwitz et al 2019;Vetter 2019;Walmsley and Kersten 2020;Zhao et al 2019) and augmented reality (AR) (e.g., Çöltekin et al 2019;de Almeida Pereira et al 2017;Keil et al 2020;Lindner et al 2019;Werner 2019).…”

Section: Spatial Games and Cartographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Raumbezogene Visualisierung trifft auf Landschaftsforschung und „Pinballology“: Beispiele der Landschaftskonstruktion in Flipperspielen

Edler

2020

KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf.

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Maps and map-like visualizations in digital games have been repeatedly addressed in research of cartography and related disciplines. For example, visualization techniques and tools used in video and computer games, including navigation and locomotion tools in VR gaming, have been analyzed and adopted to VR-based 3D cartographic modeling in recent time. A successful and diversified game which has only hardly been considered in the literature so far is pinball. Modern pinball machines are equipped with sophisticated map-like playfields (and other related components) that allow pinball players to immerse into a rapidly changing spatial story which is directed by the pinball movement. The (endless) game of skill is cognitively challenging and it sometimes even 'plays with' overloading the cognitive capacity of players by activating a multitude of multisensory (spatial) events. An overloaded communication of spatial information is apparently part of the success story of the game. The successful story of pinball also includes several characteristic themes that seem to fascinate the worldwide community of players (and retro fans). These themes, including their map-like visualizations, invite players to be involved into the rapid spatial story, and they include many 'triggers' for the individual and social construction of landscapes. These landscapes can fulfill desires for escapism. This article presents characteristic examples of successful and established modern pinball themes and discusses their potentials for landscape construction, from a social constructivist perspective.

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Augmented Reality (AR) and Spatial Cognition: Effects of Holographic Grids on Distance Estimation and Location Memory in a 3D Indoor Scenario

Cited by 46 publications

References 41 publications

SLAM-based augmented reality for the assessment of short-term spatial memory. A comparative study of visual versus tactile stimuli

SLAM-based augmented reality for the assessment of short-term spatial memory. A comparative study of visual versus tactile stimuli

A UWB-Driven Self-Actuated Projector Platform for Interactive Augmented Reality Applications

Raumbezogene Visualisierung trifft auf Landschaftsforschung und „Pinballology“: Beispiele der Landschaftskonstruktion in Flipperspielen

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